MIGRATION AND SECURITIZATION: AN ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN SECURITY

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1 - 24, 30.09.2020

Emre Çıtak

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.745781

Cited By: 1

Öz

Migration has become a popular subject in many fields such as international relations, political science, sociology, psychology, security studies, labor economics and public administration. As the number of immigrants in the world gradually increases, the saturation of immigrants in the receiving societies and the irregular and illegal dimension of the process comes to the forefront, the issue of migration has reached at the top of the agenda. Individual or mass mobility, seen as a natural process of humanity, has been subjected to politicization and then to securitization, especially in the late and immediately after the Cold War. Migrants, previously encouraged for the development of national economies, have been mentioned with various security problems and have been expressed as threats through discourse. Immigration, which has started to be seen as a process affecting individual, society, state, region and international security areas, has become an area where the state authorities have focused on as an important subject of discussion. While the national security concerns are more involved in the security-migration relationship, it is remarkable that the relationship between migration and individual security is less talked about. The security threats forcing individuals to migration, they face during the route, they confront in receiving countries and the problems expressed by individuals in the receiving communities should be addressed in this context. In this study, first of all, the securitization approach and the process of migration getting into the security field will be examined. Then, the relationship between migration and individual security will be considered within four headings. This study is thought to contribute to the field in terms of systematically dealing with the process of establishing the relationship between migration and security and revealing the ways in which individuals are affected from this process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration, Security, Human Security

GÖÇ VE GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME: İNSANİ GÜVENLİK BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Göç günümüzde uluslararası ilişkiler, siyaset bilimi, sosyoloji, psikoloji, güvenlik çalışmaları, çalışma ekonomisi, kamu yönetimi gibi pek çok çalışma alanına giren popüler bir konu haline gelmiştir. Dünyadaki göçmen sayısının giderek artması, öncesinin göç alan toplumlarında göçmenlere olan doygunluk, bu bağlamda sürecin düzensiz ve yasa dışı boyutunun ön plana çıkması süreçleri yaşandıkça göç konusu gündemin daha üst sıralarında yer almaktadır. İnsanlığın doğal bir süreci olarak görülen bireysel veya kitlesel hareketlilik, özellikle Soğuk Savaş’ın sonlarında ve hemen sonrasında önce politikleştirmeye arkasından da güvenlikleştirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Daha önce ülke ekonomilerinin kalkınması için özendirilen göçmenler, çeşitli güvenlik sorunlarıyla beraber anılmaya ve söylem yoluyla tehdit olarak ifade edilmeye başlanmıştır. Birey, toplum, devlet, bölge ve uluslararası güvenlik alanlarını etkileyen bir süreç olarak görülmeye başlayan göç; önemli bir tartışma konusu olarak devlet yetkililerinin üzerine eğildikleri bir alan haline gelmiştir. Güvenlik-göç ilişkisinde bu kapsamda ulusal güvenlik kapsamı daha fazla yer tutarken, göçün birey güvenliği ile ilişkisinin daha az konuşulması oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bireyleri göçe iten, göç yolunda karşılaştıkları, varış toplumlarında maruz kaldıkları güvenlik tehditleri ile göç alan toplumlardaki bireylerin ifade ettikleri sorunlar bu bağlamda ele alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımı ve göçün güvenlik alanına girme süreci incelenecektir. Arkasından ise göçün birey güvenliği ile ilişkisi dört başlık haline ele alınacaktır. Bu çalışmanın göçün güvenlikle ilişkisinin kurulma sürecinin sistematik olarak ele alınması ve bireylerin bu süreçten hangi yönlerden etkilendiğini ortaya koyması bakımından alana katkı sağlaması düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç, Güvenlik, İnsani Güvenlik

Kaynakça

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