ALGILANAN ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK VE İŞYERİNDE MUTLULUK: PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN ROLÜ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 414 - 430, 22.03.2022

Burak Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1036948

Öz

Sosyal mübadele teorisi ve kaynakların korunması teorisinin ilkelerini temel alan bu çalışma, algılanan örgütsel destek ile işyerinde mutluluk arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sermayenin aracı rolünü incelemektedir. Türkiye'deki birden fazla örgütün 207 beyaz yakalı çalışanından veriler elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, algılanan örgütsel desteğin işyerinde mutluluk (işe angaje olma, iş tatmini ve duygusal bağlılık) üzerinde orta düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca psikolojik sermaye, algılanan örgütsel destek ile işe angaje olma arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, yüksek düzeyde örgütsel destek algılayan çalışanların daha iyi işe angaye olmalarını sağlayan olumlu psikolojik kaynaklar oluşturma potansiyellerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, sosyal mübadele teorisi ve kaynakların korunması teorisine ilişkin bilgi birikimini genişletmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Algılanan Örgütsel Destek, Psikolojik Sermaye, İşyerinde Mutluluk, Sosyal Mübadele Kuramı, Kaynakların Korunması Teorisi

PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND HAPPINESS AT WORK: THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL

Öz

Building on the tenets of social exchange theory and conservation of resources theory this study investigates the mediating role of psychological capital between organizational support and happiness at work. Data were collected from 207 white-collar workers of multiple organizations in Turkey. The findings indicate that perceived organizational support has moderate effect on happiness at work (work engagement, job satisfaction, affective commitment). Further, psychological capital mediates the relationship between perceived organizational supoort and work engagement. As a result, this study revealed that employees who perceive high levels of organizational support are more likely to generate positive psychological resources, which should lead to better work engagement. The findings of this study extend the social exchange theory and conservations of resource theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perceived Organizational Support, Psychological Capital, Happiness at Work, Social Exchange Theory, Conservation of Resources Theory

Kaynakça

• Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1996) “Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(3), 252-276.
• Alnaimi, A. M. M., & Rjoub, H. (2021) “Perceived organizational support, psychological entitlement, and extra-role behavior: The mediating role of knowledge hiding behavior”, Journal of Management & Organization. Cambridge University Press, 27(3), 507-522.
• Altan, S., & Turunç, Ö. (2021) “Algılanan örgütsel destek ile iş yaşamında mutluluk ilişkisinde yaş ve iş yaşam dengesinin rolü”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2552-2570.
• Astuty, I., & Udin, U. (2020) “The effect of perceived organizational support and transformational leadership on affective commitment and employee performance”, The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 401-411.
• Aydın Küçük, B. (2021) “Kovid-19 Küresel Salgın Döneminde Örgütsel Destek Algısının İş Yerinde Mutluluk Üzerindeki Etkisi: Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Aracı Rolü”, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 1348-1372.
• Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., & Luthans, F. (2011) “Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance”, Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282-294.
• Azim, A. M., & Dora, M. T. (2016) “Perceived organızational support and organızational citizenship behavior: The mediatıng role of psychological capital”, Journal of Human Capital Development, 9, 99-118.
• Bataineh, K. (2019) “Impact of work-life balance, happiness at work, on employee performance”, International Business Research, 12(2), 99-112.
• Baykal, E., (2020) “Effects of servant leadership on psychological capitals and productivities of employees”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(2), 273-291.
• Blau, P. M. (1964) “Exchange and power in social life”, New York: Wiley.
• Boateng, F. D. (2014) “Perceived organizational support and police officer effectiveness”, International Criminal Justice Review, 24(2), 134-150.
• Bryman, A., Saul, B., & Joe, S. (2008) “Quality criteria for quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research: A view from social policy”, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 261-276.
• Cavus¸ M., & Kapusuz, A. (2015) “Psychological capital: Definition, components and effects”, British Journal of Education Society & Behavioural Science, 5, 244-255.
• Chaiprasit, K., & Santidhiraku, O. (2011) “Happiness at work of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises Thailand”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 25, 189–200.
• Chen, S., Wu, W., Chang, C., Lin, C., Kung, J., Weng, H.C., Lin, Y., & Lee, S. (2015) “Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff”, BMC Health Services Research, 15, 1-17.
• Cheung F, Tang, C. K., & Tang, S. (2011) “Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China”, International Journal of Stress Management, 18(4), 348-371.
• Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005) “Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review”, Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
• Dai, K., & Qin, X. (2016) “Perceived organizational support and employee engagement: Based on the research of organizational identification and organizational justice”, Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 46-57.
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2006) “Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being”, American Psychologist, 61(4), 305–314.
• Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R. B., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986) “Perceived organizational support”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
• Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J.W., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P.D. (1997) “Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction”, The Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812-820.
• Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001) “Reciprocation of perceived organizational support”, The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51.
• Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011) “Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees”, Washington, DC: APA Books.
• Fisher, C. (2010) “Happiness at Work”, International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384-412.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019) “IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference”, New York: Routledge.
• Gouldner, A. W. (1960) “The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement”, American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
• Hair, J. F. Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009) “Multivariate data analysis”, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hair, J., Hult, T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014) “A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)”, CA: Sage Publications.
• Hayes, A. F. (2018) “Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd edition)”, New York: The Guilford Press.
• Hempfling, M. S. (2015) “Happiness, work engagement, and perception of organizational support of student affairs professionals”, Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio University, Ohio.
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2011) “Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84, 116-122.
• Hobfoll, S. E., Halbeslen, J., Neveu, J., & Westman, M. (2018) “Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103-128.
• Jafari, F., Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Abdi, A., & Ezatizadeh, N. (2021) “Predicting positive organizational behavior based on structural and psychological empowerment among nurses”, Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 19, 1-9.
• Joo, B., & Lee, I. (2017) “Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being”, Evidence-based HRM, 5(2), 206-221.
• Jung, H., & Ali, M. A. (2017) “Corporate social responsibility, organizational justice and positive employee attitudes: In the context of Korean employment relations”, Sustainability, 9, 1-24.
• Kawalya, C., Munene, J. C., Ntayi, J., Kagaari, J. Mafabi, S. & Kasekende, F. (2019) “Psychological capital and happiness at the workplace: The mediating role of flow experience”, Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1-13.
• Keleş, H. N. (2011) “Pozitif psikolojik sermaye: Tanımı, bileşenleri ve örgüt yönetimine etkileri”, Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 343-350.
• Kerksieck, P., Bauer, G.F., & Brauchli, R. (2019) “Personal and social resources at work: Reciprocal relations between crafting for social job resources, social support at work and psychological capital”, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-10.
• Kurtessis, J.N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M.T., Buffardi, L.C., Stewart, K.A., & Adis, C. (2017) “Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory”, Journal of Management, 43, 1854-1884.
• Liu, M., & Xie, Z. (2020) “The Impact of High-Performance Work System on New Generation Employees’ Turnover Intention: Psychological Capital as Mediator and Perceived Organizational Support as Moderator”, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 10, 360-373.
• Lubis, F., & Nurhayati, M. (2020) “The effect of perceived organizational support and workload on job satisfaction through work-school conflict as a mediatıng variable”, Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1(3), 277-293.
• Luo, H. W. (2020) “Review of research progress on perceived organizational support and organizational identity”, Open Journal of Business and Management, 8, 809-819.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S.M. (2007) “Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction”, Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2015) “Psychological capital and beyond”, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Maan, A.T., Abid, G., Butt, T.H., Ashfaq, F., & Ahmed, S. (2020) “Perceived organizational support and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of proactive personality and psychological empowerment”, Future Business Journal, 6, 1-12.
• Marsh, H. W. (2012) “Application of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in sport and exercise psychology”, G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (eds.), Handbook of sport psychology, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons.
• Miao, R., Bozionelos, N., Zhou, W., & Newman, A. (2020) “High-performance work systems and key employee attitudes: The roles of psychological capital and an interactional justice climate”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32, 443-477.
• Moorman, R. H., Blakely, G. L., & Niehoff, B. P. (1998) “Does perceived organizational support mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior”, Academy of Management Journal, 41, 351-357.
• Moreau, E., & Mageau, G. A. (2012) “The importance of perceived autonomy support for the psychological health and work satisfaction of health professionals: Not only supervisors count, colleagues too!”, Motivation and Emotion, 36(3), 268–286.
• Murthy, R. K. (2017) “Perceived organizational support and work engagement”, International Journal of Applied Research, 3, 738-740.
• Nikhil, S. & Arthi, J. (2018) “Perceived organisational support and work engagement: Mediation of psychological capital - A research agenda”, Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 7(1), 33-40.
• Novliadi, F., & Anggraini, R. (2018) “Happiness at work viewed from job satisfaction and perceived organizational support”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches, Medan- Indonesia.
• Oruç, E. (2018) “Psikolojik sermaye ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması”, Turkish Studies, 13/14, 141-151.
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003) “Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies”, The Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
• Quy, N. D., & Hai, P. T. (2020) “An Overview of the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial orientation of startup companies”, VNU Journal Of Science: Policy And Management Studies, 36(1), 44-53.
• Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010) “Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635.
• Rubbab, U., Farid, T., Iqbal, S., Saeed, I., Irfan, S., & Akhtar, T. (2021) “Impact of supportive leadership during Covid-19 on nurses' well-being: The mediating role of psychological capital”, Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-11.
• Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2018) “Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure”, Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management, 1-21.
• Salas-Vallina, A., Alegre, J., & Fernandez Guerrero, R. (2018) “Happiness at work in knowledge-intensive contexts: Opening the research agenda”, European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(3), 149-159.
• Salas-Vallina, A., Simone, C., & Fernandez-Guerrero, R. (2020) “The human side of leadership: Inspirational leadership effects on follower characteristics and happiness at work (HAW)”, Journal of Business Research, 107, 162-171.
• Salas-Vallina, A., Pozo-Hidalgo, M., & Gil-Monte, P. R. (2020). “Are Happy Workers More Productive? The Mediating Role of Service-Skill Use”, Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1-11.
• Sekhar, C. (2021) “Do high-commitment work systems engage employees? Mediating role of psychological capital”, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 1-19.
• Simon D., Kriston L., Loh A., Spies C., Scheibler F., Wills C., & Harter M. (2010) “Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the autonomy-preference-index (API)”, Health Expectations, 13, 234-243.
• Snyder, C. R. (2002) “Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind”, Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
• Stamper, C. L., & Johlke, M. C. (2003) “The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes”, Journal of Management, 29, 569-588.
• Stefanidis, A., & Strogilos, V. (2021) “Perceived organizational support and work engagement of employees with children with disabilities", Personnel Review, 50(1), 186-206.
• Warr, P. (2007) “Work, happiness, and unhappiness”, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Wu, W., & Lee, Y. C. (2017) “Empowering group leaders encourages knowledge sharing: Integrating the social exchange theory and positive organizational behavior perspective”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 21, 474-491.
• Yang, W. J. & Chao, L. (2016) “How psychological contract breach influences organizational identification and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of psychological capital”, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 6, 922-930.
• Yang, S., Huang, H., Qiu, T., Tian, F., Gu, Z., Gao, X., & Wu, H. (2020) “Psychological capital mediates the association between perceived organizational support and work engagement among Chinese doctors”, Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 1-8.
• Yozgat, U., & Bilginoğlu, E. (2020) “İşyerinde mutluluk ölçeği türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması”, Journal of Yaşar University, 15, 201-206.
• Zhang, F., Liu, Y., & Wei, T. (2021) “Psychological capital and job satisfaction among chinese residents: A moderated mediation of organizational identification and income level”, Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-9.