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THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 394 - 413, 22.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1080745

Öz

The aim of this study is to explain the role of negative and positive word-of-mouth communication in consumers' development of cynical attitude towards private health care organizations, and to understand how this role can be shaped, especially when the risk factor comes into play. The role of negative and positive word-of-mouth communication on consumers' purchasing behavior has been the subject of various studies. Previous literature indicates that negative word-of-mouth communication is taken into account more strongly by cynical consumers, while other studies emphasize the importance of recommendations and positive word-of-mouth communication in customers' purchase behavior. Analysis of the data collected from 362 participants in this study shows that, in regards to customers' cynical attitudes, the rate at which positive information abates cynicism is higher than the rate at which negative information reinforces cynicism. As a result of this study, suggestions were made for practitioners and new studies in light of these findings.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, R. (2000) “Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126 (3), 269-292.
  • Akçay, G. (2021) “Tüketici sinizminin öncülleri ve sonuçları: Hizmet sektörü üzerinde bir araştırma”, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Bursa.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Sakarya Yayınları.
  • Amezcua, B. & Quintanilla, C. (2016) “When eWOM become cynical”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40, 290-298.
  • Andersson, L.M. & Bateman, T.S. (1997) “Cynicism in the workplace: some causes and effects” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469.
  • Aron, D. (2016) “Digital Dysfunction: Consumer grudgeholding and retaliation in the digital era” Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 29, 119-129.
  • Aydın, G. (2021) “Consumer Cynicism, Skepticism, Brand Boycotts and Social Media” ed. Bingol, U., Trending Topics on Social Media Researches, Peter Lang, DOI 10.3726/b18979, 61-90.
  • Buttle, A.F. (1998) “Word of Mouth: Understanding and managing referral marketing”, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 12(6), 241‐254. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/096525498346658
  • Chang, A., Hsieh, S.H. & Tseng, T.H. (2013) “Online Brand Community Response to Negative Brand Events: The role of group Ewom” Internet Research, 23(4), 486-506.
  • Charlett, D., Garland, R., & Marr, N. (1995) “How damaging is negative word of mouth”, Marketing Bulletin, 6(1), 42-50.
  • Chebat, J.C., Davidow, M. & Codjovi, I. (2005) “Silent voices: Why some dissatisfied consumers fail to complain”, Journal of Service Research, 7(4), 328-342.
  • Cheng, S., Lam, T. & Hsu, C.H.C. (2006) “Negative word of mouth, communication intention: an application of the theory of planned behavior”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(1), 95-116. DOI:10.1177/1096348005284269.
  • Cheung, C.M. & Thadani, D.R. (2012) “The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: a literature analysis and integrative model”, Decision Support System. 54, 461–470. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2012.06.008
  • Chylinski, M. & Chu, A. (2010) “Consumer Cynicism: antecedents and consequences”, European Journal of Marketing, 44(6), 796-837.
  • Chu, A., & Chylinski, M. (2006) “A model of consumer cynicism – antecedents and consequences”, Proceedings of the Australian and New Zeland Marketing Academy, 1-9.
  • Çetinkaya, Ö.A, & Ceng, E. (2018) “Türkiye’deki Black Friday Etkinliğinin Tüketici Sinizmi Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirmesi”, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(4), 167-180.
  • Çokyaşar, D. (2018) “Ağızdan ağıza İletişimin Satın Alma üzerindeki Etkisi”, Journal of International Social Research, 11(61).
  • Darke, P.R. & Ritchie, R.J.B. (2007) “The defensive consumer: advertising deception, defensive processing and distrust”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XLIV, https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.1.114, 114-127.
  • Daugherty, T., & Hoffman, E. (2014) “eWOM and the importance of capturing consumer attention within social media”, Journal of Marketing Communication 20, 82–102. doi: 10.1080/13527266.2013.79776
  • Günay, N. (2014) “Tüketicilerin Hastane Seçiminde Ağızdan Ağıza İletişimin Etkisi”, Selçuk Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2014) Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, 3.b., Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Güven, E. (2016) “Tüketimde sinik tutum, tüketici sinizminin sebep ve sonuçları”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 152-174.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
  • Helm, A. (2004) Cynics and Skeptics: Consumer Dispositional Trust, in NA - Advances in Consumer Research, 31, eds. Barbara E. Kahn and Mary Frances Luce, Valdosta, GA : Association for Consumer Research, 345-351.
  • Helm, A. E. (2006) Cynical consumers: Dangerous enemies, loyal friends (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia). Helm, A.E., Moulard, J.G., & Richins, M. (2015) “Consumer cynicism: developing a scale to measure underlying attitudes influencing marketplace shaping and withdrawal behaviours”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39, 515-524.
  • Huete-Alcocer, N. (2017) “A literature review of word of mouth and electronic word of mouth: Implications for consumer behavior”, Front. Psychol. 8:1256. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01256.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012) “The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice: testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB)”, Internet Research. 22, 591–612. doi: 10.1108/10662241211271563
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky A. (1979) “Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk”, Econometrica 47 (2), 263–292.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2005) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Asil Yayın ve Dağıtım.
  • Kayaoğlu, A. & Gülmez Y. S. (2020) “Sağlık Hizmetleri Tüketicisi Olarak Hastaların Özel Hastane Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Diyarbakır Örneği”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(4): Sayfa: 1267-1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.716283.
  • Ketron, S. (2016) “Consumer cynicism and perceived deception in vanity sizing: the moderating role of retailer (dis)honesty”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.07.018.
  • Laczniak, R.N., De Carlo, T. E. & Motley, C.M. (1996) “Retail Equity perceptions and consumers’ processing of negative word-of-mouth communication”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 4(4), 37-48.
  • Laczniak,R.N., DeCarlo,T.E., & Ramaswami,S.N. (2001) “Consumers’ responses to negative word-of-mouth communication: An attribution theory perspective”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11(1), 57–73.
  • Lee, J., Park D.H. & Han, I. (2008) “The effect of negatve online consumer reviews on product attitude: An information processing view”, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7, 341-352.
  • Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008) “Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management”, Tourism Management 29, 458–468.doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011.
  • Neelamegham, R., & Jain, D. (1999) “Consumer choice process fo experience goods: An econometric model and analysis”, Journal of Marketing Research, 36(3), 373–386.
  • Nieto, J., Hernández-Maestro, R. M., & Muñoz-Gallego, P. A. (2014) “Marketing decisions, customer reviews, and business performance: the use of the Toprural website by Spanish rural lodging establishments”, Tourism Management. 45, 115–123. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.009
  • Oates, C., McDonald, S., Alevizou, P., Hwang, K., Young, W. & McMorland, L. (2008) “Marketing Sustainability: Use of Information Sources and Degrees of Voluntary Simplicity”, Journal of Marketing Communications, 14 (5): 351-365.
  • Odou, P. & De Pechpeyrou, P. (2011) “Consumer cynicism: From resistance to anti-consumption in a disenchanted world?”, European Journal of Marketing, 45 (11/12), 1799-1808.
  • Öz, M., & Uyar, E. (2014) “Sağlık hizmetleri pazarlamasında algılanan hizmet kalitesi ve müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde ağızdan ağıza pazarlamanın etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma”, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014(1), 123-132.
  • Dunya, (2020), “Özel Hastaneler Turizme Tutundu”, https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/ozel-hastaneler-turizme-tutundu-haberi-460459. (10.12.2020).
  • Park, C., & Lee, T. M. (2009) “Information direction, website reputation and eWOM effect: a moderating role of product type”, Journal of Business Research, 62, 61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.017
  • Rowe, R., & Calnan, M. (2006) “Trust relations in health care—the new agenda”, The European Journal of Public Health, 16(1), 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl004
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019) https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564,saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf?0 (12.11.2022).
  • Spake, D. F., & Bishop Jr, J. S. (2009) “The impact of perceived closeness on the differing roles of satisfaction, trust, commitment, and comfort on intention to remain with a physician”, Health Marketing Quarterly, 26(1), 1-15. : https://doi.org/10.1080/07359680802473281
  • Tokgöz, E. (2020) “Tüketicinin kin tutma eğiliminin pazardan geri çekilme niyeti üzerinde etkisi: Tüketici sinizminin aracı ve düzenleyici rolü”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(1), 36-58.
  • TUİK (2020). Sağlık Harcamaları İstatistikleri, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Saglik-Harcamalari-Istatistikleri-2020-37192, (10.12.2021).
  • Uğran, F. (2019) “Tüketicilerin Risk Algısı ve Tüketici Şüpheciliği Arasındaki İlişki: Batman İlinde Bir Araştırma”, Batman SBE İşletme Anabilim Dalı. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • van Dolen, W., de Cremer, D. & de Ruyter, K. (2012) “Consumer cynicism toward collective buying: the interplay of others’ outcomes, social value orientation, and mood”, Psychology & Marketing, 29(5), 306-321.
  • Vazquez-Casielles, R., Suarez-Alvarez, L. & Del Rio-Lanza, A. (2013) “The Word of Mouth Dynamic: How Positive (and Negative) WOM Drives Purchase Probability, Journal of Advertising Research, 53:1, 43-60.
  • Vice, S. (2011) “Cynicism and Morality”, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 14(2), 169-184.
  • Westbrook, R. A. (1987) “Product/consumption-based affective responses and postpurchase processes”, Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 258–270.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 394 - 413, 22.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1080745

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, R. (2000) “Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences”, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126 (3), 269-292.
  • Akçay, G. (2021) “Tüketici sinizminin öncülleri ve sonuçları: Hizmet sektörü üzerinde bir araştırma”, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Bursa.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Sakarya Yayınları.
  • Amezcua, B. & Quintanilla, C. (2016) “When eWOM become cynical”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40, 290-298.
  • Andersson, L.M. & Bateman, T.S. (1997) “Cynicism in the workplace: some causes and effects” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469.
  • Aron, D. (2016) “Digital Dysfunction: Consumer grudgeholding and retaliation in the digital era” Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 29, 119-129.
  • Aydın, G. (2021) “Consumer Cynicism, Skepticism, Brand Boycotts and Social Media” ed. Bingol, U., Trending Topics on Social Media Researches, Peter Lang, DOI 10.3726/b18979, 61-90.
  • Buttle, A.F. (1998) “Word of Mouth: Understanding and managing referral marketing”, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 12(6), 241‐254. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/096525498346658
  • Chang, A., Hsieh, S.H. & Tseng, T.H. (2013) “Online Brand Community Response to Negative Brand Events: The role of group Ewom” Internet Research, 23(4), 486-506.
  • Charlett, D., Garland, R., & Marr, N. (1995) “How damaging is negative word of mouth”, Marketing Bulletin, 6(1), 42-50.
  • Chebat, J.C., Davidow, M. & Codjovi, I. (2005) “Silent voices: Why some dissatisfied consumers fail to complain”, Journal of Service Research, 7(4), 328-342.
  • Cheng, S., Lam, T. & Hsu, C.H.C. (2006) “Negative word of mouth, communication intention: an application of the theory of planned behavior”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(1), 95-116. DOI:10.1177/1096348005284269.
  • Cheung, C.M. & Thadani, D.R. (2012) “The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: a literature analysis and integrative model”, Decision Support System. 54, 461–470. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2012.06.008
  • Chylinski, M. & Chu, A. (2010) “Consumer Cynicism: antecedents and consequences”, European Journal of Marketing, 44(6), 796-837.
  • Chu, A., & Chylinski, M. (2006) “A model of consumer cynicism – antecedents and consequences”, Proceedings of the Australian and New Zeland Marketing Academy, 1-9.
  • Çetinkaya, Ö.A, & Ceng, E. (2018) “Türkiye’deki Black Friday Etkinliğinin Tüketici Sinizmi Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirmesi”, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(4), 167-180.
  • Çokyaşar, D. (2018) “Ağızdan ağıza İletişimin Satın Alma üzerindeki Etkisi”, Journal of International Social Research, 11(61).
  • Darke, P.R. & Ritchie, R.J.B. (2007) “The defensive consumer: advertising deception, defensive processing and distrust”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XLIV, https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.1.114, 114-127.
  • Daugherty, T., & Hoffman, E. (2014) “eWOM and the importance of capturing consumer attention within social media”, Journal of Marketing Communication 20, 82–102. doi: 10.1080/13527266.2013.79776
  • Günay, N. (2014) “Tüketicilerin Hastane Seçiminde Ağızdan Ağıza İletişimin Etkisi”, Selçuk Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2014) Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, 3.b., Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Güven, E. (2016) “Tüketimde sinik tutum, tüketici sinizminin sebep ve sonuçları”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 152-174.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
  • Helm, A. (2004) Cynics and Skeptics: Consumer Dispositional Trust, in NA - Advances in Consumer Research, 31, eds. Barbara E. Kahn and Mary Frances Luce, Valdosta, GA : Association for Consumer Research, 345-351.
  • Helm, A. E. (2006) Cynical consumers: Dangerous enemies, loyal friends (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia). Helm, A.E., Moulard, J.G., & Richins, M. (2015) “Consumer cynicism: developing a scale to measure underlying attitudes influencing marketplace shaping and withdrawal behaviours”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39, 515-524.
  • Huete-Alcocer, N. (2017) “A literature review of word of mouth and electronic word of mouth: Implications for consumer behavior”, Front. Psychol. 8:1256. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01256.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012) “The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice: testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB)”, Internet Research. 22, 591–612. doi: 10.1108/10662241211271563
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky A. (1979) “Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk”, Econometrica 47 (2), 263–292.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2005) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Asil Yayın ve Dağıtım.
  • Kayaoğlu, A. & Gülmez Y. S. (2020) “Sağlık Hizmetleri Tüketicisi Olarak Hastaların Özel Hastane Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Diyarbakır Örneği”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(4): Sayfa: 1267-1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.716283.
  • Ketron, S. (2016) “Consumer cynicism and perceived deception in vanity sizing: the moderating role of retailer (dis)honesty”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.07.018.
  • Laczniak, R.N., De Carlo, T. E. & Motley, C.M. (1996) “Retail Equity perceptions and consumers’ processing of negative word-of-mouth communication”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 4(4), 37-48.
  • Laczniak,R.N., DeCarlo,T.E., & Ramaswami,S.N. (2001) “Consumers’ responses to negative word-of-mouth communication: An attribution theory perspective”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11(1), 57–73.
  • Lee, J., Park D.H. & Han, I. (2008) “The effect of negatve online consumer reviews on product attitude: An information processing view”, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7, 341-352.
  • Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008) “Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management”, Tourism Management 29, 458–468.doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011.
  • Neelamegham, R., & Jain, D. (1999) “Consumer choice process fo experience goods: An econometric model and analysis”, Journal of Marketing Research, 36(3), 373–386.
  • Nieto, J., Hernández-Maestro, R. M., & Muñoz-Gallego, P. A. (2014) “Marketing decisions, customer reviews, and business performance: the use of the Toprural website by Spanish rural lodging establishments”, Tourism Management. 45, 115–123. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.009
  • Oates, C., McDonald, S., Alevizou, P., Hwang, K., Young, W. & McMorland, L. (2008) “Marketing Sustainability: Use of Information Sources and Degrees of Voluntary Simplicity”, Journal of Marketing Communications, 14 (5): 351-365.
  • Odou, P. & De Pechpeyrou, P. (2011) “Consumer cynicism: From resistance to anti-consumption in a disenchanted world?”, European Journal of Marketing, 45 (11/12), 1799-1808.
  • Öz, M., & Uyar, E. (2014) “Sağlık hizmetleri pazarlamasında algılanan hizmet kalitesi ve müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde ağızdan ağıza pazarlamanın etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma”, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014(1), 123-132.
  • Dunya, (2020), “Özel Hastaneler Turizme Tutundu”, https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/ozel-hastaneler-turizme-tutundu-haberi-460459. (10.12.2020).
  • Park, C., & Lee, T. M. (2009) “Information direction, website reputation and eWOM effect: a moderating role of product type”, Journal of Business Research, 62, 61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.017
  • Rowe, R., & Calnan, M. (2006) “Trust relations in health care—the new agenda”, The European Journal of Public Health, 16(1), 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl004
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019) https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564,saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf?0 (12.11.2022).
  • Spake, D. F., & Bishop Jr, J. S. (2009) “The impact of perceived closeness on the differing roles of satisfaction, trust, commitment, and comfort on intention to remain with a physician”, Health Marketing Quarterly, 26(1), 1-15. : https://doi.org/10.1080/07359680802473281
  • Tokgöz, E. (2020) “Tüketicinin kin tutma eğiliminin pazardan geri çekilme niyeti üzerinde etkisi: Tüketici sinizminin aracı ve düzenleyici rolü”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(1), 36-58.
  • TUİK (2020). Sağlık Harcamaları İstatistikleri, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Saglik-Harcamalari-Istatistikleri-2020-37192, (10.12.2021).
  • Uğran, F. (2019) “Tüketicilerin Risk Algısı ve Tüketici Şüpheciliği Arasındaki İlişki: Batman İlinde Bir Araştırma”, Batman SBE İşletme Anabilim Dalı. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • van Dolen, W., de Cremer, D. & de Ruyter, K. (2012) “Consumer cynicism toward collective buying: the interplay of others’ outcomes, social value orientation, and mood”, Psychology & Marketing, 29(5), 306-321.
  • Vazquez-Casielles, R., Suarez-Alvarez, L. & Del Rio-Lanza, A. (2013) “The Word of Mouth Dynamic: How Positive (and Negative) WOM Drives Purchase Probability, Journal of Advertising Research, 53:1, 43-60.
  • Vice, S. (2011) “Cynicism and Morality”, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 14(2), 169-184.
  • Westbrook, R. A. (1987) “Product/consumption-based affective responses and postpurchase processes”, Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 258–270.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülnil Aydın 0000-0002-5613-920X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, G. (2022). THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(1), 394-413. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1080745
AMA Aydın G. THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. Mart 2022;20(1):394-413. doi:10.11611/yead.1080745
Chicago Aydın, Gülnil. “THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20, sy. 1 (Mart 2022): 394-413. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1080745.
EndNote Aydın G (01 Mart 2022) THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20 1 394–413.
IEEE G. Aydın, “THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 1, ss. 394–413, 2022, doi: 10.11611/yead.1080745.
ISNAD Aydın, Gülnil. “THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/1 (Mart 2022), 394-413. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1080745.
JAMA Aydın G. THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20:394–413.
MLA Aydın, Gülnil. “THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 394-13, doi:10.11611/yead.1080745.
Vancouver Aydın G. THE ROLE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF CYNICAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20(1):394-413.