BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Prediction of Strength Properties of Rocks at Different Saturation Conditions from P-wave Velocity and Sensitivity of P-wave Velocity to Physical Properties

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 3, 141 - 168, 01.04.2012

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Altun, İ.E. ve Aksay,A., 2002. Türkiye jeoloji hari- taları No:27 Ereğli-F26 paftası. MTA Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Ankara.
  • Apuani, T., King, M.S., Butenuth, C., and De Fre- itas, M.H., 1997. Measurements of the relationship between sonic wave velo- cities and tensile strength in anisotropic rock. In: Developments in Petrophysics, Geological Society Special Publication No. 122, pp. 107-119.
  • ASTM, 1972. Inorganic index to the powder diffraction file. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Phile- delphia, 1432 p.
  • ASTM, 2001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards- Soil and Rock, Building Stones, Sec- tion-4, Construction, V. 04.08. ASTM Publication, Philedelphia, 972 p.
  • Atalay, Z., 1980, Muğla-Yatağan ve yakın dolayı karasal Neojeni’nin stratigrafi araştır- ması. TJK Bülteni, 23 (1), 93-99.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., Ito, T., and Kawamoto, T.,
  • Prediction of behaviour of tunnels in
  • Geotechnical Engineering, 448, 73-82.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., and Kawamoto, T., 1993.
  • The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels:
  • Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 26 (2), 137-163.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., and Kawamoto, T., 1996.
  • The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels:
  • with examples taken from Japan. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 29 (3), 125-143.
  • Cadoret, T., Marion, D., and Zinsner, B., 1995. Influence of frequency and fluid distri- bution on elastic wave velocities in partially saturated limestones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 9789- 9803.
  • Chang, C., Zoback, M.D., and Khaksar, A., 2006. Empirical relations between rock strength and physical properties in se- dimantary rocks. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 51, 223-237.
  • Carmichael, R.S., 1982. Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks, Volume II. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Çobanoğlu, İ., Çelik, S.B., 2008. Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength from point load strength, Schmidt hardness and P-wave velocity. Bulletin of Engine- ering Geology and the Environment, 67, 491-498.
  • D’Andrea, D.V., Fischer, R.L., and Fogelson, D.E., 1965. Prediction of compressive strength from other rock properties. US Bureau of Mines Report of Investi- gation 6702.
  • Deere, D.U., and Miller, R.P., 1966. Engineering classification and index properties for intack rock,Tech. Rept. No. AFWL
  • TR-65-116, Air Force Weapons Lab.,
  • Kirtland Air Force xico, 308 p. Base, New Me
  • Dyke, C.G., and Dobereiner, L., 1991. Evalua- ting the strength and deformability of sandstones. Quarterly Journal of Engi- neering Geology, 24,123-134.
  • Ergüler, Z.A., 2007. Su içeriğinin kil içeren ka- yaların mühendislik davranışı üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Ha- cettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Ensti- tüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Ergüler, Z.A., and Ulusay, R., 2009. Water-indu- ced variations in mechanical properties of clay-bearing rocks. International Jo- urnal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sci- ences, 46 (2), 355-370.
  • Erol, O., 1954. Ankara ve civarının jeolojisi hak- kında rapor. MTA Rapor No: 2491, An- kara.
  • Fourmaintraux, D., 1975. Quantification des dis- continuites des roches et des massifs rocheux. Rock Mechanics, 7, 83-100.
  • Fourmaintraux, D., 1976. Characterization of rocks; laboratory tests, Chapter IV in La Mecanique des roches appliquee aux ouvrages du genie civil by Marc Panet et al. Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Cha- ussees, Paris.
  • Gardner, G.H.F., Gardner, L.W., and Gregory, A.R., 1974. Formation velocity and den- sity- the diagnostic basics for stratig- raphic traps. Geophysics, 39, 770-780.
  • Gregory, A.R., 1976. Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimen- tary rocks. Geophysiscs, 41, 895- 921.
  • Gerçek, H. ve Özarslan, A., 2011. Kaya malze- mesinin çekme dayanımı sınıflaması. KAYAMEK Mekaniği Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 105-116.
  • Goodman, R.E., 1989. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 562 p.
  • Gunsallus, K.L., and Kulhawy, F.H., 1984. A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences & Geo- mechanics Abstracts, 21 (5), 233-248.
  • Gündoğdu, M.N., 1982. Neojen yaşlı Bigadiç se- dimanter baseninin jeolojik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal incelenmesi. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yerbilim- leri Enstitüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Han, D., 1986. Effects of porosity and clay con- tent on acoustic properties of sand- stones and unconsolidated sediments. PhD Thesis, Stanford University, USA (unpublished).
  • Hawkins, A.B., 1998. Aspects of rock strength. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the
  • Environment, 57, 17-30.
  • Hudson, J.A., and Harrison, J.P., 1997. Engine- ering Rock Mechanics: An Introduction to the Principles. Elsevier Science, Ox- ford.
  • Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquare, G., Ra- dicati, F., and Villari, L., 1975. The Neogene of Central Anatolia; Geochronological data on Kayseri-Niğde area. Geologi- cal Magazine, 112 (4), 349-360.
  • ISRM, 2007. The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization,
  • Testing and Monitoring: 1974-2006.
  • Suggested Methods Prepared by the
  • Commission on Testing Methods, ISRM,
  • R.Ulusay and J.A.Hudson (eds.), Com
  • pilation Arranged by the ISRM Turkish
  • National Group, Ankara, Turkey, 628 p.
  • Kahraman, S., 2001. A correlation between P-wave velocity, number of joints and Schmidt hammer rebound number. In- ternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 729-733.
  • Kahraman, S., 2007. The correlations between the saturated and dry P-wave velocity of rocks. Ultrasonics, 46, 341-348.
  • Kahraman, S., Yeken, T., 2008. Determinati- on of physical propertes of carbonate rocks from P-wave velocity. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environ- ment, 67, 277-281.
  • Kahraman, S., Söylemez, M., Günaydin, O., and Fener, M., 2005. Determination of the some physical properties of travertines from ultrasonic measurement. Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Travertine, Denizli,Turkey, pp. 231-234.
  • Karakuş, M., and Tütmez, B., 2006. Fuzzy and multiple regression modelling for evalu- ation of intact rock strength based on point load, Schmidt hammer and sonic velocity. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 39 (1), 45-57.
  • Khandelwal, M., and Singh, T.N., 2009. Corre- lating static properties of coal measu- res rocks International Journal of Coal Geology, 79, 55-60.
  • King, M.S., 2009. Recent developments in seis- mic rock physics. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Scien- ces, 46, 1341-1348.
  • King, M.S., Marsden, J.R., and Dennis, J.W., 2000. Biot dispersion for P and S wave velocities in partially and fully saturated sandstones. Geophysical Prospection, 48, 1075-1089.
  • Klimentos, T., 1991. The effects of porosity- permeability-clay content on the velo- city of compressional waves. Geoph- ysics, 56, 1930-1939.
  • Kwaśniewski, M., and Oitaben, P.R., 2009. Ef- fect of water on the deformability of rocks under uniaxial compression. ISRM Regional Symposium EUROCK 2009 Rock Engineering in Diffucult Gro- und Conditions-Soft Rock and Karst, Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia, pp. 271- 276.
  • Lal, M., 1999. Shale stability: drilling fluid inte- raction and shale strength. SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Caracas, Ve- nezuela (on CD).
  • Lama, R.D., and Vutukuri, V.S., 1978. Handbook on Mechanical Properties of Rocks, Vol. II.Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal, Germany.
  • Lashkaripour, G.R., 2002. Predicting mechani- cal properties of mudrock from index parameters. Bullettin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 61, 73- 77.
  • Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., and Dvorkin, J., 2009.
  • The Rock Physics Handbook. Cambrid
  • ge University Press, New York.
  • Nur, A., and Simmons, G., 1969. The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks. Earth Plenatary Science Letter, 7, 183-193.
  • Ohkubo, T., and Teresaki, A., 1971. Oyo Corpo- ration, Technical Note RP-479.
  • Pisoni, C., 1961. Ortaköy (Aksaray), Nevşehir, Avanos ve İncesu bölgeleri jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları (75/4-76/3,4 Paftaları). MTA Rapor No: 2839, Ankara.
  • Romana, M., and Vásárhelyi, B., 2007. A discus- sion on the decrease of unconfined compressive strength between sa- turated and dry rock samples. Procee- dings of the International Society for Rock Mecha- nics, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 139-142. Vol. 1,
  • Saito, T., 1981. Variation of physical properties of igneous rock in weathering. Proce- edings of International Symposium on Weak Rocks, Tokyo, Vol.1, pp. 191-196.
  • Sarkar, K., Vishal, V., and Singh, T.N., 2011. An empirical correlation of index geomec- hanical parameters with the compressi- onal wave velocity. Geotechical and Geological Engineering, 30 (2), 469-479.
  • Sato, J., Itoh, J., Aydan, Ö., and Akagi, T., 1995. Prediction of time-dependent behavio- ur of a tunnel in squeezing rocks. Pro- ceedings of FMGM’95, 4th International Symposium, Bergamo, Italy, pp. 47-54.
  • Temel, A., 1992, Kapadokya eksplozif volka- nizmasının petrolojik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri. pe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Török, A., and Vasarhelyi, B., 2010. The influen- ce of fabric and water content on se- lected rock mechanical parameters of travertine, examples from Hungary. En- gineering Geology, 115, 237-245.
  • Vasarhelyi, B., 2005. Statistical analysis of the influence of water content on the strength of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 38 (1), 69-76.
  • Vásárhelyi, B., and Van, P., 2006. Influence of water content on the strength of rock. Engineering Geology, 84, 70-74.
  • Vasconcelos, G., Lourenço, P.B., Alves, C.A.S., and Pamplona, J., 2008. Ultrasonic evaluation of the physical and mecha- nical properties of granites. Ultrasonics, 48, 453-466.
  • Wyllie, M.R.J., Gregory, A.R., and Gardner, L.W.,
  • Elastic wave velocities in hetero
  • geneous and porous media. Geoph- ysics, 21, 41-70.
  • Yergök, A.F., Akman, Ü., İplikçi, E., Karabalık, N.N., Keskin, İ., Mengi, H., Umut, M., Armağan, F., Erdoğan, K., Kaymakçı, H. ve Çetinkaya, A., 1987. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinin jeolojisi (I). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Derleme No:8273, Ankara.

Kayaların Dayanım Özelliklerinin Farklı Doygunluk Koşullarında P-dalga Hızından Kestirimi ve P-Dalga Hızının Fiziksel Özelliklere Olan Duyarlılığı

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 3, 141 - 168, 01.04.2012

Öz

Laboratuvar ortamında kolaylıkla ölçülebilmeleri nedeniyle sismik hızlar (özellikle P-dalga hızı) kullanılarak kayaların dayanım ve deformabilite özelliklerinin kestirimi kaya mekaniği alanında ilgi çekici konular arasında yer almıştır. Günümüze değin birçok araştırmacı tarafından dayanım özelliklerinin P-dalga hızı kullanılarak tahmini amacıyla çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak bu çalışmalarda doygunluğun etkisi ayrıntılı olarak incelenmemiştir. Doygunluğun dayanım özelliklerinin P-dalga hızından kestirimi üzerindeki etkisinin dikkate alınması, sözü edilen ilişkilerin farklı doygunluk koşullarının değerlendirilmesinin gerektiği kaya mühendisliği uygulamalarında kullanılabilirliği açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu husus dikkate alınarak bu çalışmada, kayaların dayanım ve deformabilite özellikleri ile P-dalga hızı arasındaki ilişkiler farklı doygunluk koşulları için araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla ondört farklı kaya türü kullanılarak bunların dayanım (tek eksenli sıkışma dayanımı, çekilme dayanımı, kohezyon) özellikleri ve elastisite modülleri ile P-dalga hızları farklı doygunluk koşullarında tayin edilmiştir. Deneysel veri esas alınarak, dayanım özellikleri ile P-dalga hızı arasındaki ilişkiler basit ve çok değişkenli regresyon teknikleriyle araştırılmış ve kestirim amaçlı görgül ilişkiler geliştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler, P-dalga hızı, doygunluk ve doygunluktaki etkin kil içeriği (DEKİ) gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin kullanıldığı görgül eşitliklerin yüksek bir kestirim performansına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. P-dalga hızının gözeneklilikle ters, yoğunlukla doğru orantılı olarak değiştiği gözleminden hareketle, kaya malzemesi içindeki farklı fazların ifade edilebildiği katı tane yoğunluğu ve gözeneklilik özellikleri kullanılarak P-dalga hızının kestirimine olanak sağlayan görgül bir eşitlik de önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, doygunluktaki artışa bağlı olarak, P-dalga hızında artış gözlenen kaya türlerinde kalite indeksi artarken (fisürlülük azalırken), P-dalga hızı azalan kaya türlerinde kalite indeksi de azalmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Altun, İ.E. ve Aksay,A., 2002. Türkiye jeoloji hari- taları No:27 Ereğli-F26 paftası. MTA Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Ankara.
  • Apuani, T., King, M.S., Butenuth, C., and De Fre- itas, M.H., 1997. Measurements of the relationship between sonic wave velo- cities and tensile strength in anisotropic rock. In: Developments in Petrophysics, Geological Society Special Publication No. 122, pp. 107-119.
  • ASTM, 1972. Inorganic index to the powder diffraction file. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Phile- delphia, 1432 p.
  • ASTM, 2001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards- Soil and Rock, Building Stones, Sec- tion-4, Construction, V. 04.08. ASTM Publication, Philedelphia, 972 p.
  • Atalay, Z., 1980, Muğla-Yatağan ve yakın dolayı karasal Neojeni’nin stratigrafi araştır- ması. TJK Bülteni, 23 (1), 93-99.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., Ito, T., and Kawamoto, T.,
  • Prediction of behaviour of tunnels in
  • Geotechnical Engineering, 448, 73-82.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., and Kawamoto, T., 1993.
  • The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels:
  • Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 26 (2), 137-163.
  • Aydan, Ö., Akagi, T., and Kawamoto, T., 1996.
  • The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels:
  • with examples taken from Japan. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 29 (3), 125-143.
  • Cadoret, T., Marion, D., and Zinsner, B., 1995. Influence of frequency and fluid distri- bution on elastic wave velocities in partially saturated limestones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 9789- 9803.
  • Chang, C., Zoback, M.D., and Khaksar, A., 2006. Empirical relations between rock strength and physical properties in se- dimantary rocks. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 51, 223-237.
  • Carmichael, R.S., 1982. Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks, Volume II. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Çobanoğlu, İ., Çelik, S.B., 2008. Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength from point load strength, Schmidt hardness and P-wave velocity. Bulletin of Engine- ering Geology and the Environment, 67, 491-498.
  • D’Andrea, D.V., Fischer, R.L., and Fogelson, D.E., 1965. Prediction of compressive strength from other rock properties. US Bureau of Mines Report of Investi- gation 6702.
  • Deere, D.U., and Miller, R.P., 1966. Engineering classification and index properties for intack rock,Tech. Rept. No. AFWL
  • TR-65-116, Air Force Weapons Lab.,
  • Kirtland Air Force xico, 308 p. Base, New Me
  • Dyke, C.G., and Dobereiner, L., 1991. Evalua- ting the strength and deformability of sandstones. Quarterly Journal of Engi- neering Geology, 24,123-134.
  • Ergüler, Z.A., 2007. Su içeriğinin kil içeren ka- yaların mühendislik davranışı üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Ha- cettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Ensti- tüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Ergüler, Z.A., and Ulusay, R., 2009. Water-indu- ced variations in mechanical properties of clay-bearing rocks. International Jo- urnal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sci- ences, 46 (2), 355-370.
  • Erol, O., 1954. Ankara ve civarının jeolojisi hak- kında rapor. MTA Rapor No: 2491, An- kara.
  • Fourmaintraux, D., 1975. Quantification des dis- continuites des roches et des massifs rocheux. Rock Mechanics, 7, 83-100.
  • Fourmaintraux, D., 1976. Characterization of rocks; laboratory tests, Chapter IV in La Mecanique des roches appliquee aux ouvrages du genie civil by Marc Panet et al. Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Cha- ussees, Paris.
  • Gardner, G.H.F., Gardner, L.W., and Gregory, A.R., 1974. Formation velocity and den- sity- the diagnostic basics for stratig- raphic traps. Geophysics, 39, 770-780.
  • Gregory, A.R., 1976. Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimen- tary rocks. Geophysiscs, 41, 895- 921.
  • Gerçek, H. ve Özarslan, A., 2011. Kaya malze- mesinin çekme dayanımı sınıflaması. KAYAMEK Mekaniği Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 105-116.
  • Goodman, R.E., 1989. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 562 p.
  • Gunsallus, K.L., and Kulhawy, F.H., 1984. A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences & Geo- mechanics Abstracts, 21 (5), 233-248.
  • Gündoğdu, M.N., 1982. Neojen yaşlı Bigadiç se- dimanter baseninin jeolojik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal incelenmesi. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yerbilim- leri Enstitüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Han, D., 1986. Effects of porosity and clay con- tent on acoustic properties of sand- stones and unconsolidated sediments. PhD Thesis, Stanford University, USA (unpublished).
  • Hawkins, A.B., 1998. Aspects of rock strength. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the
  • Environment, 57, 17-30.
  • Hudson, J.A., and Harrison, J.P., 1997. Engine- ering Rock Mechanics: An Introduction to the Principles. Elsevier Science, Ox- ford.
  • Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquare, G., Ra- dicati, F., and Villari, L., 1975. The Neogene of Central Anatolia; Geochronological data on Kayseri-Niğde area. Geologi- cal Magazine, 112 (4), 349-360.
  • ISRM, 2007. The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization,
  • Testing and Monitoring: 1974-2006.
  • Suggested Methods Prepared by the
  • Commission on Testing Methods, ISRM,
  • R.Ulusay and J.A.Hudson (eds.), Com
  • pilation Arranged by the ISRM Turkish
  • National Group, Ankara, Turkey, 628 p.
  • Kahraman, S., 2001. A correlation between P-wave velocity, number of joints and Schmidt hammer rebound number. In- ternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 729-733.
  • Kahraman, S., 2007. The correlations between the saturated and dry P-wave velocity of rocks. Ultrasonics, 46, 341-348.
  • Kahraman, S., Yeken, T., 2008. Determinati- on of physical propertes of carbonate rocks from P-wave velocity. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environ- ment, 67, 277-281.
  • Kahraman, S., Söylemez, M., Günaydin, O., and Fener, M., 2005. Determination of the some physical properties of travertines from ultrasonic measurement. Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Travertine, Denizli,Turkey, pp. 231-234.
  • Karakuş, M., and Tütmez, B., 2006. Fuzzy and multiple regression modelling for evalu- ation of intact rock strength based on point load, Schmidt hammer and sonic velocity. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 39 (1), 45-57.
  • Khandelwal, M., and Singh, T.N., 2009. Corre- lating static properties of coal measu- res rocks International Journal of Coal Geology, 79, 55-60.
  • King, M.S., 2009. Recent developments in seis- mic rock physics. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Scien- ces, 46, 1341-1348.
  • King, M.S., Marsden, J.R., and Dennis, J.W., 2000. Biot dispersion for P and S wave velocities in partially and fully saturated sandstones. Geophysical Prospection, 48, 1075-1089.
  • Klimentos, T., 1991. The effects of porosity- permeability-clay content on the velo- city of compressional waves. Geoph- ysics, 56, 1930-1939.
  • Kwaśniewski, M., and Oitaben, P.R., 2009. Ef- fect of water on the deformability of rocks under uniaxial compression. ISRM Regional Symposium EUROCK 2009 Rock Engineering in Diffucult Gro- und Conditions-Soft Rock and Karst, Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia, pp. 271- 276.
  • Lal, M., 1999. Shale stability: drilling fluid inte- raction and shale strength. SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Caracas, Ve- nezuela (on CD).
  • Lama, R.D., and Vutukuri, V.S., 1978. Handbook on Mechanical Properties of Rocks, Vol. II.Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal, Germany.
  • Lashkaripour, G.R., 2002. Predicting mechani- cal properties of mudrock from index parameters. Bullettin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 61, 73- 77.
  • Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., and Dvorkin, J., 2009.
  • The Rock Physics Handbook. Cambrid
  • ge University Press, New York.
  • Nur, A., and Simmons, G., 1969. The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks. Earth Plenatary Science Letter, 7, 183-193.
  • Ohkubo, T., and Teresaki, A., 1971. Oyo Corpo- ration, Technical Note RP-479.
  • Pisoni, C., 1961. Ortaköy (Aksaray), Nevşehir, Avanos ve İncesu bölgeleri jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları (75/4-76/3,4 Paftaları). MTA Rapor No: 2839, Ankara.
  • Romana, M., and Vásárhelyi, B., 2007. A discus- sion on the decrease of unconfined compressive strength between sa- turated and dry rock samples. Procee- dings of the International Society for Rock Mecha- nics, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 139-142. Vol. 1,
  • Saito, T., 1981. Variation of physical properties of igneous rock in weathering. Proce- edings of International Symposium on Weak Rocks, Tokyo, Vol.1, pp. 191-196.
  • Sarkar, K., Vishal, V., and Singh, T.N., 2011. An empirical correlation of index geomec- hanical parameters with the compressi- onal wave velocity. Geotechical and Geological Engineering, 30 (2), 469-479.
  • Sato, J., Itoh, J., Aydan, Ö., and Akagi, T., 1995. Prediction of time-dependent behavio- ur of a tunnel in squeezing rocks. Pro- ceedings of FMGM’95, 4th International Symposium, Bergamo, Italy, pp. 47-54.
  • Temel, A., 1992, Kapadokya eksplozif volka- nizmasının petrolojik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri. pe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  • Török, A., and Vasarhelyi, B., 2010. The influen- ce of fabric and water content on se- lected rock mechanical parameters of travertine, examples from Hungary. En- gineering Geology, 115, 237-245.
  • Vasarhelyi, B., 2005. Statistical analysis of the influence of water content on the strength of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 38 (1), 69-76.
  • Vásárhelyi, B., and Van, P., 2006. Influence of water content on the strength of rock. Engineering Geology, 84, 70-74.
  • Vasconcelos, G., Lourenço, P.B., Alves, C.A.S., and Pamplona, J., 2008. Ultrasonic evaluation of the physical and mecha- nical properties of granites. Ultrasonics, 48, 453-466.
  • Wyllie, M.R.J., Gregory, A.R., and Gardner, L.W.,
  • Elastic wave velocities in hetero
  • geneous and porous media. Geoph- ysics, 21, 41-70.
  • Yergök, A.F., Akman, Ü., İplikçi, E., Karabalık, N.N., Keskin, İ., Mengi, H., Umut, M., Armağan, F., Erdoğan, K., Kaymakçı, H. ve Çetinkaya, A., 1987. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinin jeolojisi (I). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Derleme No:8273, Ankara.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Karakul Bu kişi benim

Reşat Ulusay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mart 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Karakul H, Ulusay R (01 Nisan 2012) Kayaların Dayanım Özelliklerinin Farklı Doygunluk Koşullarında P-dalga Hızından Kestirimi ve P-Dalga Hızının Fiziksel Özelliklere Olan Duyarlılığı. Yerbilimleri 33 3 141–168.