Termal kızılötesi uydu görüntülerinden yüzey sıcaklığı ve ısı akısı hesapları: Türkiye’deki, yakın çevresindeki ve Dünya’daki volkanlardan örnekler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3, 247 - 297, 15.12.2020

İnan Ulusoy , Caner Diker

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.814748

Öz

Yeryüzünde jeotermal girdiye bağlı sıcaklık anomalileri, fümeroller, buhar bacaları, bacaların etrafında alterasyon mineralizasyonları, buhar/gaz emisyonu ve yerin sıcak olduğu alanların varlığı ile belirgin hale gelir. Termal kızılötesi (TIR) uydu görüntüleri yeryüzünün ısıl durumunu incelemeye ve gözlemlemeye olanak vermektedir. Kızılötesi tayftaki uydu görüntülerinden geniş alanlar için hassas ‘yüzey sıcaklığı’ hesaplamaları yapmak olanaklıdır. Yüzey sıcaklığı görüntüleri özellikle dağlık bölgelerde tek başına yorumlaması zor görüntülerdir. Öyle ki, gece çekilmiş termal uydu görüntüleri dahi gündüzden artakalan güneş ısısını gece geç saatlere kadar kaydedebilir. Dolayısıyla TIR görüntüler topoğrafik düzeltme yapılarak kullanılmalıdır. Topoğrafik düzeltme sonucunda elde edilen görüntüler ‘yüzey sıcaklığı anomalisi’ görüntüleridir. Yüksek irtifa atmosferik sıcaklık verisi ile birlikte TIR uydu görüntülerinden ‘ışıyan bağıl ısı akısı’ hesaplamak mümkündür. Yüzey sıcaklığı anomalisi görüntüleriyle birlikte ışıyan bağıl ısı akısı görüntüleri ısıl analizlerde ve jeotermal haritalamalarda oldukça kullanışlı görüntülerdir. Anadolu’dan, yakın çevresinden ve Dünya’dan örneklerle volkanlarda yüzey sıcaklığı anomalisi ve ışıyan bağıl ısı akısının ne gibi sonuçlar verdiğini ve farklı şiddetteki ısıl volkanik faaliyetin bu sonuçları ne ölçekte çeşitlendirdiğini irdeledik. Gerekli düzeltmeler ve işlemlerden sonra, TIR görüntülerinden hesaplanan yüzey sıcaklığı ile gerçek yeryüzü sıcaklığına dair kestirimde bulunmak mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Termal anomali, TIR, ASTER, Isı akısı, Anadolu, Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

113Y032

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma kapsamında sunulan Doğu Anadolu volkanları ile ilgili incelemeler 113Y032 no’lu TUBITAK projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazarlar Ercan Selim Kolbakır’a Demavend Dağı’nın zirve fotoğrafı için teşekkür ederler.

Surface temperature and heat flux calculations using thermal infrared satellite imagery: Volcanoes in Turkey, its close proximity and worldwide examples

Öz

Thermal anomalies on the ground surface related with the geothermal input become evident with fumaroles, vapour vents, alteration mineralizations around these vents, vapour/gas emissions and hot grounds. Thermal infrared (TIR) satellite imagery allows investigation and monitoring of the thermal state of the earth surface. It is possible to make precise ‘surface temperature’ calculations for large areas using satellite imagery recording the thermal spectrum. Surface temperature imagery is hard to interpret solely, especially in mountainous areas. Even, thermal imagery acquired during nighttime can preserve relict solar heat till late hours after the sunset. Consequently, the TIR satellite images should be used with topographic correction. Imagery derived after topographic correction is called as ‘surface temperature anomaly’ images. With the contribution of upper-air temperature data, it is possible to calculate ‘relative radiant heat flux’ using TIR satellite images. Together with surface temperature anomaly images, relative radiative heat flux images are very powerful images for thermal analysis and geothermal mapping. Results of surface temperature anomaly and relative radiative heat flux calculations for worldwide examples, volcanoes from Anatolia and close proximity and the variety of the results depending on the intensity of the volcanic activity have been explicated. After necessary corrections and processes, surface temperature derived from TIR imagery may be used to estimate the real surface temperature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thermal anomaly, TIR, ASTER, Heat flux, Anatolia, Turkey

Proje Numarası

113Y032

Kaynakça

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