Van Gölü’nün (Doğu Anadolu) Holosen kıyı şeridi gelişimi üzerindeki doğal ve insan kaynaklı itici güçler: Jeolojik bir yaklaşım

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 96 - 120, 28.07.2022

Serkan Üner

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.1059064

Öz

Göl kıyıları iklimsel, hidrolojik ve insan kökenli değişimlere oldukça duyarlıdır. Bu alanlar aynı zamanda doğal itici güçler ile insan kökenli değişimler arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koymaktadır. Van Gölü kıyıları, doğal süreçler ve insan aktivitesinden önemli şekilde etkilenen dinamik bir alandır. Bu çalışma Van Gölü kıyı gelişimine ve bununla ilişkili itici güçlere odaklanmaktadır. Kıyı çizgisi değişimini etkileyen doğal süreçler kaya türü, su seviyesi oynamaları, dalga ve akıntılar, tektonizma ve flüvyal süreçler olarak belirlenmiştir. Van Gölü’nün doğu kıyıları, doğal aşınma ve depolanma süreçleri bakımından en duyarlı alanlardır.

Dünya popülasyonunun önemli bir kısmının kıyılarda yaşaması gibi, bölge insanı da yaşamak için Van Gölü kıyılarını tercih etmektedir. Kıyı yerleşimleri ile setler ve limanlar gibi kıyı koruma yapıları, aşınma, sediman taşınması ve depolanma gibi doğal süreçleri olumsuz etkilemektedir. Barajlar ve nehir ıslah kanalları da, göle taşınan sediman miktarını azalttığı için dolaylı olarak kıyı gelişimini etkilemektedir. Bu insan kaynaklı baskılar, kıyı gelişimi üzerindeki doğal dengeyi tümüyle değiştirmektedir. Tüm bu çevresel faktörler, Van Gölü kıyı alanının mevcut koşullarının bir göstergesidir ve bu alanın korunması ve yönetimine ilişkin değerlendirmelerde daha geniş bir perspektif sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal itici güçler, Doğu Anadolu, insan kökenli etmenler, kıyı çizgisi, Van Gölü

Natural and anthropogenic driving forces on Holocene coastline evolution of Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia): A geological approach

Öz

Coastal areas of the lakes are quite sensitive to climatic, hydrologic, and anthropogenic changes. These areas are also an indicator that reveals the interaction between natural driving forces and anthropogenic factors. Lake Van coastal region is a dynamic area heavily affected by the natural processes and human activities. The present study focuses on coastline evolution and associated driving forces of the Lake Van. Natural driving forces influencing the changes in the coastline were determined as rock type, water-level fluctuations, wave and current action, tectonics, and fluvial-based processes. The eastern coasts of lake are identified as the most intensive region for the erosion and deposition in terms of natural factors.

Most of the residents prefer to live in the coastal areas of the Lake Van, likely large percentage of the world's population choice. Coastal settlements and their coastal protection structures such as embankments and harbours negatively affect the natural processes such as erosion, sediment transportation, and deposition. Dams and river reclamation channels in rivers indirectly affect the coastal evolution by reducing the sediment input into the lake. These anthropogenic stressors on coastal evolution completely change the natural balance. Understanding of all these environmental factors is an indicator for the existing circumstances of the Lake Van coastal area and provides wider perspective to assess of protection and management of this area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthropogenic activity, coastline, Eastern Anatolia, natural driving forces, Lake Van

Kaynakça

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