Redirecting Movements and Recreating Environment With Visually Oriented Wayfinding Signage System: A Case Study of Fine and Applied Art Building, Olabisi Onabanjo, Ibogun Campus
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 33 - 47, 11.08.2023
Afeez Babatunde Siyanbola
,
Johnson Olarinde Oladesu
,
Benjamin Eni-itan F Afolabi
,
Adedola Olayinka Adeyemi
,
Festus Uzzi
Öz
This study focused on redirecting movements and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of an academic environment through the development of a visually-oriented wayfinding system. The paper enunciates the importance of a wayfinding system in identifying places and coordinating human movements in space. People visiting built environments are desirous of accomplishing their aim of visiting such a place within the short possible time and devoid of negative feelings or spatial anxiety. The relevance of a functional wayfinding system in an academic environment where students and staff need to navigate the complex environment without experiencing any spatial stress. The paper explores colour psychology, typography, shape and user experience to develop a wayfinding system for the Fine and Applied Art Building, Olabisi Onabanjo Campus, Ibogun. The research methodology adopted for the study is product development and survey. User perception of the wayfinding system was sampled using an open questionnaire administered to three hundred and thirteen students and staff on campus. The result was analyzed using the Linkert scale criteria. Results outcomes indicated that there is consistency in the interior and exterior signage colours, textual information on the signs is bold and descriptive, wayfinding system accentuates the environmental aesthetics.
Kaynakça
- Allen, G.L. “Spatial abilities, cognitive maps, and wayfinding – bases for individual differences in spatial cognition and behavior”, in Golledge, R.G. (Ed.), Wayfinding Behavior – Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1999:46-80.
- Aczel, A. Gods Equation: Einstein, Relativity and the Expanding Universe. Illustrated. New York. Piatkus, 2001:1-178.
- Adepeko, O. A. Survey of Ondo Traditional Hand Woven Fabrics and their Modifications to Suit Contemporary Fashion Trends in Nigeria. An Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 2016: 1-196.
- Angyol, M. A. “Development of Alphabet Multimedia Instructional Materials to Enhance Pre- Primary Pupils Education in Samaru Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria”. Unpublished Masters Dissertation Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 2015: 1-100.
- Arthur, P. and Passini, R. Wayfinding: people, signs, and architecture. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1992.
- Apelt, R. Wayfinding in the built environment (Tech. Rep.). Australia: Public Works Queensland, 2008.
- Bell, S. and Saucier, D. Relationship among environmental pointing accuracy, mental
Pennsylvania. Sage Publications, 2004: 251-265.
- Carpman, J. R., and Grant, M. A. “Wayfinding: a broad view,” in Handbook of Environmental Psychology, eds R. B. Bechtel, A. Churchman, R. B. Bechtel, and A. Churchman (Hoboken, NJ: JohnWiley & Sons Inc), (2002): 427–442.
- Chai, X., & Jacobs, L. Sex differences in directional cue use in a virtual landscape. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123, (2009): 276–283.
- Chen, C.-H., Chang, W.-C., & Chang, W.-T. Gender differences in relation to wayfinding strategies, navigational support design, and wayfinding task difficulty. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, (2009): 220–226.
- Chimir, I., Waheeb, A. D. and Horney, M. “Neisser’s Cycle of Perception: Formal Representation and Practical Implementation.” Journal of Computer Science 10, no. 2(2005):106- 111.
Damayanti, R. and Kossak, F. “Extending Kevin Lynch’s concept of imageability in third space reading; Case Study of Kampungs, Surabaya–Indonesia.” A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 13, no. 1 (2016): 57-67.
- Darken, R. and Peterson, B. “Spatial orientation, wayfinding and representation.” In Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications, edited by Stanney, K. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2002: 493-518.
- Davis, R. L., Therrien, B. A., and West, B. T. (2008). Cue conditions and wayfinding
in older and younger women. Res. Gerontol. Nurs. 1, (2008): 252–263.
“Design Solutions for Multi-Language, Dual & Multi-Lingual Signage”
- Travel Wayfinding. Accessed January 18, 2022. https://www.travelwayfinding.com/multi- lingual-signage/.
Dillon, A. “User Interface Design.” In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, edited by Nadel, L., 4 53 – 458. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
- Doğu, U. and Erkip, F. “Spatial factors affecting wayfinding and orientation: A case
study in a shopping mall”. Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6 (2002): 731-755.
- Downs, R. and Stea, D. “Cognitive representations.” In Image and environment, edited by R. Downs & D. Stea. Chicago: Aldine, 1973: 79–86.
- Duran, İ. E. “The Influence of Familiarity and Signage On Wayfinding In Academic Libraries: The Case of Bilkent University Library.” Master’s Thesis, Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara (2016): 1-42.
- Evans, G. W., Fellows, J., Zorn, M. and Doty, K. “Cognitive mapping and architecture for natural scenes.” Psychological Science 17, no. 1(1980): 1-6.
- Feeter L.C (2019). Wayfinding Sans Pro. Accessed from https//idoc.hub on 25/09/2022
- Frank, A. Multi-cultural aspects of spatial knowledge. In K. Janowicz, M. Raubal,& S. Levashkin (Eds.), GeoSpatial semantics 5892 (2009): 1–8.
- Fewings, R. “Wayfinding and Airport Terminal Design.” Journal of Navigation 54, no. 2 (2001): 177-184.
Jonasson, Z. Meta-analysis of sex differences in rodent models of learning and memory: A review of behavioral and biological data. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, (2005). 811–825.
Gartner, G. Putting Emotions in Maps – The Wayfinding Example. Usability and Cognition (2010): 61 – 65.
Gibson, D. The wayfinding Handbook: Information Design for public Places. Princeton Architectural Press, 2009: 1-146.
- Helvacıoğlu, E. and Olguntürk, N. Color contribution to children's wayfinding in school
environments. Optics and Laser Technology 43, no. 2 (2011): 410-419.
Huelat, B. J. “The Elements of a Caring Environment - Wayfinding. Healthcare Design”. Magazine Cleveland, OH: Medquest Communications, 2004.
- Hunter, S. “Design resources: DR-01 architectural wayfinding. Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access”. IDeA Center, University at Buffalo, (2010): 1-7.
- Jamshidi, S., and Pati, D. (2020). A narrative review of theories of wayfinding within the interior environment. HERD Health Environ. Res. Des. J. (2020) 1–14.
- Kanakri, S., Schott, M, …, and Palme H. “Wayfinding Systems in Educational Environments” Environment and Ecology Research 4, no.5 (2016): 251 - 256.
- Kirasic, K. C. Age differences in adults’ spatial abilities, learning environmental layout, and wayfinding behavior. Spat. Cogn. Comput. 2, (2000): 117– 134.
- Lawton, C. Gender, spatial abilities, and wayfinding. In J. Chrisler & D. McCreary (Eds.), Handbook of gender research in psychology New York: Springer (2010): 317–341.
- Li, R. and Klippel, A. “Wayfinding in libraries: Can problems be predicted?.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 8, no. 1 (2012): 21-38
- Linn, M., & Petersen, A. Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, (1985): 1479–1498.
- Lynch, K. The image of the city. Harvard, Cambridge: The Technology Press and
University press, 1960: 1-194.
- Large Format Innovation. “Is your wayfinding signage headed in the right direction”. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://www.largeformatinnovation.com/sign-and- display/wayfinding-signage-headed-right-direction.
- Lawton, C., & Kallai, J. Gender differences in wayfinding strategies and anxiety about wayfinding: A cross-cultural comparison. Sex Roles, 47 (2002): 389–401.
- Maina, J. and Audu, M. Wayfinding in Educational buildings: A Case Study of the Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University. Environ. Journal of Environmental Studies 4, no.1(2016): 1-17.
- Matheny, S. “Wayfinding with Colour”. The Good design Studio blog. Accessed December 17, 2021. www.thegooddesignstudioblog.com
- Manning, J. R., Lew, T. F, and Kahana, M. J. “MAGELLAN: A cognitive map–based model of human wayfinding.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 3(2014): 1314 – 1330.
- Montello, D. R. and Freundschuh, S. “Cognition of Geographic Information” In The Research Agenda of Consortium for Geographic Information Science. Boca Raton, FL; CRC, 2005: 61 – 90.
- Montello, D. The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology. In A.S. Kubat, O. Ertekin, Y.I. Guney, & E. Eyubogulu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th international space syntax symposium Faculty of Architecture. (2007): 1–12.
- Moreno, L. “Fundamentals of color in user interface design (UI)”. uxdesign. Accessed November 13, 2021. https://uxdesign.cc/fundamentals-of-color-in-interface-design-ui- 8127149f13e6.
- Oyelola, K. Wayfinding in university settings: A case study of the wayfinding design process at Carleton University. Ottawa, Ontario, 2014.
- Proactive Design. “Signage.” Proactive. Accessed December 21, 2021. www.proactive.ie/our- services/signage/.
- Norman, D. Emotional Design: Why We Love {or Hate) Everyday Things. New York: Basic
Books, 2004A: 1-272.
- Ranjbar A, Fasllija E and Aksel E. The Effects of Color Coding on Users’ Wayfinding Performance in a Virtual Shopping Mall Environment. Spring (2016):1-19.
- Read, M. “Use of Colour in Child Care Environment: Application of Colour for Wayfinding and Space Definition in Alabama Child Care Environment”. Early Childhood Education Journal 30, no. 4 (2003): 233-239.
- Reginald, C. Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes,
chapter 1: Human Wayfinding and Cognitive Maps, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999: 5-45.
- Scott-Webber, L., Marini, M. and Abraham, J. “Higher education classrooms fail to meet needs of faculty and students.” Journal of Interior Design 26, no. 1. (2000) 16-34.
- Sheehan, B., Burton, E., and Mitchell, L. Outdoor wayfinding in dementia.
Dementia 5, no.2 (2006): 271–281.
- Shumaker, S. A., and Reizenstein, J. E. “Environmental factors affecting inpatient stress in acute care hospitals,” in Environmental Stress, ed. G. W. Evans (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 1982: 179–223.
- Slone, E., Burles, F., Robinson, K., Levy, R. M., and Iaria, G. Floor plan connectivity influences wayfinding performance in virtual environments. Environ. Behav. 47 (2015): 1024–1053
- Spence, I., Wong, P., Rusan, M. and Rastegar, N. “How color enhances visual memory for natural scenes”. Psychological Science 17, no.1 (2006):1-6.
- Stone, N. J. “Environmental view and color for a simulated telemarketing task”. Journal
of Environmental Psychology 1, no. 23 (2003): 63-78.
- Stuart de Rozario. “How should wayfinding typography look”. fontsmith. Accessed November 12, 2021. https://www.fontsmith.com/blog/2015/01/16/fs-millbank-how- should-wayfinding-typography-look.
- Symonds, P. “Wayfinding Signage Considerations in International Airports”. Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 1, no. 20(2017): 60-80.
- Symonds, P “What is Wayfinding” accessed on 15/09/2022 from travelwayfinding.com.
- Vilar, E., Rebelo, F., and Noriega, P. Indoor human wayfinding performance using vertical and horizontal signage in virtual reality. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Manuf. Serv. Ind. 24, (2014): 601–615.
- Wei-Yin E. Evaluating the clearview typeface system and highway standard alphabets series for positive and negative contrast signs. Electronic These and Dissertations for Graduate School. Pennsylvania State University. 2016 (1-151)
- Wang, Y. "Creating positive wayfinding experience." Master’s thesis, Iowa state University, 2005: 1-117.
Yeung, P and Wong, W. “Gender labels on Gender-Neutral Colours: Do they Affect Children’s Colour Preference and Play Perfomance?.” Sex Roles 79, no. 5 – 6 (September 2018): 260 - 272.
Redirecting Movements and Recreating Environment with Visually Oriented Wayfinding Signage System: A Case Study of Fine and Applied Art Building, Olabisi Onabanjo, Ibogun Campus
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 33 - 47, 11.08.2023
Afeez Babatunde Siyanbola
,
Johnson Olarinde Oladesu
,
Benjamin Eni-itan F Afolabi
,
Adedola Olayinka Adeyemi
,
Festus Uzzi
Öz
This study focused on redirecting movements and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of an academic environment through the development of a visually-oriented wayfinding system. The paper enunciates the importance of a wayfinding system in identifying places and coordinating human movements in space. People visiting built environments are desirous of accomplishing their aim of visiting such a place within the short possible time and devoid of negative feelings or spatial anxiety. The relevance of a functional wayfinding system in an academic environment where students and staff need to navigate the complex environment without experiencing any spatial stress. The paper explores colour psychology, typography, shape and user experience to develop a wayfinding system for the Fine and Applied Art Building, Olabisi Onabanjo Campus, Ibogun. The research methodology adopted for the study is product development and survey. User perception of the wayfinding system was sampled using an open questionnaire administered to three hundred and thirteen students and staff on campus. The result was analyzed using the Linkert scale criteria. Results outcomes indicated that there is consistency in the interior and exterior signage colours, textual information on the signs is bold and descriptive, wayfinding system accentuates the environmental aesthetics.
Kaynakça
- Allen, G.L. “Spatial abilities, cognitive maps, and wayfinding – bases for individual differences in spatial cognition and behavior”, in Golledge, R.G. (Ed.), Wayfinding Behavior – Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1999:46-80.
- Aczel, A. Gods Equation: Einstein, Relativity and the Expanding Universe. Illustrated. New York. Piatkus, 2001:1-178.
- Adepeko, O. A. Survey of Ondo Traditional Hand Woven Fabrics and their Modifications to Suit Contemporary Fashion Trends in Nigeria. An Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 2016: 1-196.
- Angyol, M. A. “Development of Alphabet Multimedia Instructional Materials to Enhance Pre- Primary Pupils Education in Samaru Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria”. Unpublished Masters Dissertation Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 2015: 1-100.
- Arthur, P. and Passini, R. Wayfinding: people, signs, and architecture. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1992.
- Apelt, R. Wayfinding in the built environment (Tech. Rep.). Australia: Public Works Queensland, 2008.
- Bell, S. and Saucier, D. Relationship among environmental pointing accuracy, mental
Pennsylvania. Sage Publications, 2004: 251-265.
- Carpman, J. R., and Grant, M. A. “Wayfinding: a broad view,” in Handbook of Environmental Psychology, eds R. B. Bechtel, A. Churchman, R. B. Bechtel, and A. Churchman (Hoboken, NJ: JohnWiley & Sons Inc), (2002): 427–442.
- Chai, X., & Jacobs, L. Sex differences in directional cue use in a virtual landscape. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123, (2009): 276–283.
- Chen, C.-H., Chang, W.-C., & Chang, W.-T. Gender differences in relation to wayfinding strategies, navigational support design, and wayfinding task difficulty. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, (2009): 220–226.
- Chimir, I., Waheeb, A. D. and Horney, M. “Neisser’s Cycle of Perception: Formal Representation and Practical Implementation.” Journal of Computer Science 10, no. 2(2005):106- 111.
Damayanti, R. and Kossak, F. “Extending Kevin Lynch’s concept of imageability in third space reading; Case Study of Kampungs, Surabaya–Indonesia.” A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 13, no. 1 (2016): 57-67.
- Darken, R. and Peterson, B. “Spatial orientation, wayfinding and representation.” In Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications, edited by Stanney, K. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2002: 493-518.
- Davis, R. L., Therrien, B. A., and West, B. T. (2008). Cue conditions and wayfinding
in older and younger women. Res. Gerontol. Nurs. 1, (2008): 252–263.
“Design Solutions for Multi-Language, Dual & Multi-Lingual Signage”
- Travel Wayfinding. Accessed January 18, 2022. https://www.travelwayfinding.com/multi- lingual-signage/.
Dillon, A. “User Interface Design.” In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, edited by Nadel, L., 4 53 – 458. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
- Doğu, U. and Erkip, F. “Spatial factors affecting wayfinding and orientation: A case
study in a shopping mall”. Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6 (2002): 731-755.
- Downs, R. and Stea, D. “Cognitive representations.” In Image and environment, edited by R. Downs & D. Stea. Chicago: Aldine, 1973: 79–86.
- Duran, İ. E. “The Influence of Familiarity and Signage On Wayfinding In Academic Libraries: The Case of Bilkent University Library.” Master’s Thesis, Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara (2016): 1-42.
- Evans, G. W., Fellows, J., Zorn, M. and Doty, K. “Cognitive mapping and architecture for natural scenes.” Psychological Science 17, no. 1(1980): 1-6.
- Feeter L.C (2019). Wayfinding Sans Pro. Accessed from https//idoc.hub on 25/09/2022
- Frank, A. Multi-cultural aspects of spatial knowledge. In K. Janowicz, M. Raubal,& S. Levashkin (Eds.), GeoSpatial semantics 5892 (2009): 1–8.
- Fewings, R. “Wayfinding and Airport Terminal Design.” Journal of Navigation 54, no. 2 (2001): 177-184.
Jonasson, Z. Meta-analysis of sex differences in rodent models of learning and memory: A review of behavioral and biological data. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, (2005). 811–825.
Gartner, G. Putting Emotions in Maps – The Wayfinding Example. Usability and Cognition (2010): 61 – 65.
Gibson, D. The wayfinding Handbook: Information Design for public Places. Princeton Architectural Press, 2009: 1-146.
- Helvacıoğlu, E. and Olguntürk, N. Color contribution to children's wayfinding in school
environments. Optics and Laser Technology 43, no. 2 (2011): 410-419.
Huelat, B. J. “The Elements of a Caring Environment - Wayfinding. Healthcare Design”. Magazine Cleveland, OH: Medquest Communications, 2004.
- Hunter, S. “Design resources: DR-01 architectural wayfinding. Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access”. IDeA Center, University at Buffalo, (2010): 1-7.
- Jamshidi, S., and Pati, D. (2020). A narrative review of theories of wayfinding within the interior environment. HERD Health Environ. Res. Des. J. (2020) 1–14.
- Kanakri, S., Schott, M, …, and Palme H. “Wayfinding Systems in Educational Environments” Environment and Ecology Research 4, no.5 (2016): 251 - 256.
- Kirasic, K. C. Age differences in adults’ spatial abilities, learning environmental layout, and wayfinding behavior. Spat. Cogn. Comput. 2, (2000): 117– 134.
- Lawton, C. Gender, spatial abilities, and wayfinding. In J. Chrisler & D. McCreary (Eds.), Handbook of gender research in psychology New York: Springer (2010): 317–341.
- Li, R. and Klippel, A. “Wayfinding in libraries: Can problems be predicted?.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 8, no. 1 (2012): 21-38
- Linn, M., & Petersen, A. Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, (1985): 1479–1498.
- Lynch, K. The image of the city. Harvard, Cambridge: The Technology Press and
University press, 1960: 1-194.
- Large Format Innovation. “Is your wayfinding signage headed in the right direction”. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://www.largeformatinnovation.com/sign-and- display/wayfinding-signage-headed-right-direction.
- Lawton, C., & Kallai, J. Gender differences in wayfinding strategies and anxiety about wayfinding: A cross-cultural comparison. Sex Roles, 47 (2002): 389–401.
- Maina, J. and Audu, M. Wayfinding in Educational buildings: A Case Study of the Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University. Environ. Journal of Environmental Studies 4, no.1(2016): 1-17.
- Matheny, S. “Wayfinding with Colour”. The Good design Studio blog. Accessed December 17, 2021. www.thegooddesignstudioblog.com
- Manning, J. R., Lew, T. F, and Kahana, M. J. “MAGELLAN: A cognitive map–based model of human wayfinding.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 3(2014): 1314 – 1330.
- Montello, D. R. and Freundschuh, S. “Cognition of Geographic Information” In The Research Agenda of Consortium for Geographic Information Science. Boca Raton, FL; CRC, 2005: 61 – 90.
- Montello, D. The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology. In A.S. Kubat, O. Ertekin, Y.I. Guney, & E. Eyubogulu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th international space syntax symposium Faculty of Architecture. (2007): 1–12.
- Moreno, L. “Fundamentals of color in user interface design (UI)”. uxdesign. Accessed November 13, 2021. https://uxdesign.cc/fundamentals-of-color-in-interface-design-ui- 8127149f13e6.
- Oyelola, K. Wayfinding in university settings: A case study of the wayfinding design process at Carleton University. Ottawa, Ontario, 2014.
- Proactive Design. “Signage.” Proactive. Accessed December 21, 2021. www.proactive.ie/our- services/signage/.
- Norman, D. Emotional Design: Why We Love {or Hate) Everyday Things. New York: Basic
Books, 2004A: 1-272.
- Ranjbar A, Fasllija E and Aksel E. The Effects of Color Coding on Users’ Wayfinding Performance in a Virtual Shopping Mall Environment. Spring (2016):1-19.
- Read, M. “Use of Colour in Child Care Environment: Application of Colour for Wayfinding and Space Definition in Alabama Child Care Environment”. Early Childhood Education Journal 30, no. 4 (2003): 233-239.
- Reginald, C. Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes,
chapter 1: Human Wayfinding and Cognitive Maps, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999: 5-45.
- Scott-Webber, L., Marini, M. and Abraham, J. “Higher education classrooms fail to meet needs of faculty and students.” Journal of Interior Design 26, no. 1. (2000) 16-34.
- Sheehan, B., Burton, E., and Mitchell, L. Outdoor wayfinding in dementia.
Dementia 5, no.2 (2006): 271–281.
- Shumaker, S. A., and Reizenstein, J. E. “Environmental factors affecting inpatient stress in acute care hospitals,” in Environmental Stress, ed. G. W. Evans (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 1982: 179–223.
- Slone, E., Burles, F., Robinson, K., Levy, R. M., and Iaria, G. Floor plan connectivity influences wayfinding performance in virtual environments. Environ. Behav. 47 (2015): 1024–1053
- Spence, I., Wong, P., Rusan, M. and Rastegar, N. “How color enhances visual memory for natural scenes”. Psychological Science 17, no.1 (2006):1-6.
- Stone, N. J. “Environmental view and color for a simulated telemarketing task”. Journal
of Environmental Psychology 1, no. 23 (2003): 63-78.
- Stuart de Rozario. “How should wayfinding typography look”. fontsmith. Accessed November 12, 2021. https://www.fontsmith.com/blog/2015/01/16/fs-millbank-how- should-wayfinding-typography-look.
- Symonds, P. “Wayfinding Signage Considerations in International Airports”. Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 1, no. 20(2017): 60-80.
- Symonds, P “What is Wayfinding” accessed on 15/09/2022 from travelwayfinding.com.
- Vilar, E., Rebelo, F., and Noriega, P. Indoor human wayfinding performance using vertical and horizontal signage in virtual reality. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Manuf. Serv. Ind. 24, (2014): 601–615.
- Wei-Yin E. Evaluating the clearview typeface system and highway standard alphabets series for positive and negative contrast signs. Electronic These and Dissertations for Graduate School. Pennsylvania State University. 2016 (1-151)
- Wang, Y. "Creating positive wayfinding experience." Master’s thesis, Iowa state University, 2005: 1-117.
Yeung, P and Wong, W. “Gender labels on Gender-Neutral Colours: Do they Affect Children’s Colour Preference and Play Perfomance?.” Sex Roles 79, no. 5 – 6 (September 2018): 260 - 272.