Pandemi Sürecinin Bireylerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri, Yeme Davranışları ve Kilo Kontrolü Üzerinde Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 48 - 57, 21.03.2025

Süheyla Yaralı , Kübra Tunçel

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, pandemi sürecinin bireylerin egzersiz düzeyleri, yeme davranışları ve kilo kontrolü üzerinde etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini 30-60 yaş grubundaki yetişkinler oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında Tanımlayıcı Bilgi Formu, Hollanda Yeme Davranışı Anketi (DEBQ), Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi kullanılmıştır. Veriler Araştırmada tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan kartopu örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Google Docs kullanılarak hazırlanan veri toplama formları çevrimiçi olarak gönderildi (e-posta, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram) ile toplanmış 851 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Veriler sayı, yüzde ve lineer regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi beden kitle indeksi değerlendirmesine göre obez oranı %14.3, pandemide %16.7 olarak hesaplanmış ve artığı belirlenmiştir. Yeme davranışının niteliksel verilere bağlı özelliklerin etkisi belirlenmiş ve R=.398, R2=.158 olarak bulunmuş, yeme davranışı bağımlı değişkenindeki toplam varyansın %15.8‘inin bu değişkenlerle açıklandığı istatistiksel olarak da sonucun önemli (p<0.05) olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, diyetisyene gitme ve kilonun yeme davranışının olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Yaşın yeme davranışı üzerine negatif yönde (-0.136) etkisi olduğu bireyin yaşı arttıkça yeme davranışının olumsuz etkilenerek azaldığı saptanmıştır. Medeni durum, çocuk varlığı, kronik hastalık varlığı, çalışma durumu, fiziksel aktivite yapma durumunun yeme davranışı arasında anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Araştırma kapsamında değerlendirilen bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin %59.5’inin inaktif, %33.5’ünün düşük aktif, %7’sinin yeterli olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu sonuçlara göre pandemi gibi sedantif yaşama neden olan durumlarda yeme davranışlarına ve fiziksel aktiviteye yönelik eğitim programları oluşturulmalı ve bunlara ulaşım sağlanmalıdır. Başta bireylere koruyucu sağlık hizmeti sunmada en etkili olan hemşireler olmak üzere tüm sağlık personeli bu konularda bireylere danışmanlık sağlamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemi, Fiziksel Aktivite, Yeme Davranışı, Kilo Kontrolü

Kaynakça

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