The Impact of Digital Transformation on International Trade

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 17, 46 - 70, 23.02.2025

Mine Sönmezay

https://doi.org/10.51947/yonbil.1633445

Öz

The digital transformation tools improve the internal management of enterprises and contributes to their basic business performance. Studies have shown that as a result of the correct adaptation of innovative technologies, more efficient results have begun to be obtained in all procesgeneral business processes. The aim of this research is to contribute to the literature by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of the application of digital technologies and by revealing the issues that entrepreneurs and academics who want to digitalize in international trade should consider in their studies. A qualitative research method was used in the research and the results obtained from the studies in the relevant literature and the effects of this transformation on international trade were compiled. There is a consensus in the literature that the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and internet of things applications in international trade will increase the costs of businesses. However, in addition to its many positive effects, it has also been stated that international standards should be established in the use of these technologies. The theoretical importance of this study lies in the fact that no study has been found on the application of digital transformation tools such as blockchain, AI and IoT to international trade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Trade, Digital Transformation, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things.

Uluslararası Ticarette Dijital Dönüşümüm Etkileri

Öz

Dijital dönüşüm araçları, işletmelerin iç yönetimini iyileştirerek, temel iş performanslarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalarda, yenilikçi teknolojilerin doğru adapte edilmesi sonucunda işletmelerin genel iş süreçlerinde daha verimli sonuçlar elde edilmeye başladığı görülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın amacı, dijital teknolojilerin uygulanmasında görülen avantajları ve dezavantajları keşfederek; uluslararası ticarette dijitalleşmek isteyen girişimcilere ve akademisyenlere yapacakları çalışmalarda değerlendirmeye almaları gereken konuları ortaya koyarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve literatürdeki çalışmalardan dijital dönüşüm ve bu dönüşümüm uluslararası ticaretteki etkileri konusunu çalışan çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar derlenmiştir. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalarda uluslararası ticarette blockchain, yapay zeka ve nesnelerin interneti uygulamalarının kullanımının işletmelerin maliyetlerini arttıracağı konusunda fikir birliği vardır. Ancak pek çok olumlu etkisinin yanı sıra, bu teknolojilerin kullanımında uluslararası standartlar oluşturulması gerektiği de ifade edilmiştir. Bu teknolojiler ekonominin tüm sektörlerine uygulanabilir olsa da; literatürde en olumlu etkilerinin finans ve e-ticaret sektöründe olduğu; özellikle en fazla lojistik faaliyetlerde verimlilik arttırıcı alanlarda kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın teorik önemi, dijital dönüşüm araçlarından blockchain, AI ve IoT uluslararası ticarete uygulanmasıyla ilgili bir çalışmaya rastlanmamış olması yatmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Ticaret, Dijital Dönüşüm, Blockchain, Yapay Zeka, Nesnelerin İnterneti.

Kaynakça

• Abeliansky, A. L., & Hilbert, M. (2017). Digital technology and international trade: Is it the quantity of subscriptions or the quality of data speed that matters?. Telecommunications Policy, 41(1), 35-48.
• Ahmedov, I. (2020). The impact of digital economy on international trade. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(4), 1-7.
• Anbazhagan, A., Guru, K., Masood, G., Mandaviya, M., Dhiman, V., & Naved, M. (2022). Critically analyzing the concept of internet of things (IOT) and how ıt ımpacts employee and organizational performance. In Proceedings of Second International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology, 121-130.
• Arsenijevic, U., & Jovic, M. (2019). Artificial intelligence marketing: Chatbots. In 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Applications and Innovations (IC-AIAI), 19-22.
• Balaji, S., Nathani, K., & Santhakumar, R. (2019). IoT technology, applications and challenges: A contemporary survey. Wireless Personal Communications, 108, 363-388.
• Baykov, F. Y., & Ershov, V. S. (2023). International Trade Digital Transformation Impact on the Global Digital Platforms Expansion. In 2023 International Conference on Engineering Management of Communication and Technology (EMCTECH), 1-5.
• Belu, M. G. (2019). Application of blockchain in international trade: An overview. The Romanian Economic Journal, 71(22), 2-16.
• Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2007). Firms in international trade. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 105-130.
• Bhat, A., Nor, R. M., Mansor, H., & Amiruzzaman, M. (2021). Leveraging decentralized internet of things (IoT) and blockchain technology in ınternational trade. In 2021 International Conference on Cyber Security and Internet of Things (ICSIoT), 1-6.
• Bhbosale, S., Pujari, V., & Multani, Z. (2020). Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intellegence. Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 77, 227-230.
• Bostoganashvili, E. R., Nigmatullina, I. V., & Kashapova, R. A. (2020). Digital transformation trends in Russian and foreign companies. In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference (MTDE 2020), Atlantis Press, 972-977.
• Chang, S. E., Chen, Y. C., & Wu, T. C. (2019). Exploring blockchain technology in international trade: Business process re-engineering for letter of credit. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(8), 1712-1733.
• Ciuriak, D., & Ptashkina, M. (2018). The digital transformation and the transformation of international trade. Geneva, Switzerland : ICTSD.
• Civelek, M. E., & Artar, O. K. (2019). Blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies for balanced foreign trade: Replacing exchange function of money. European Scientific Journal, 15(22), 137-149.
• Derindag, O. F., Yarygina, I. Z., & Tsarev, R. Y. (2020). International trade and blockchain technologies: Implications for practice and policy. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 421(2), 1-5.
• Ferencz, J., González, J. L., & García, I. O. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and international trade: Some preliminary implications. OECD Trade Policy Paper N°160, 1-34.
• Ganne, E. (2018). Can Blockchain revolutionize international trade?. World Trade Organization (WTO), Geneva, Switzerland.
• Giyosidinov, B., Fedorchuk, V., & Voronova, O. (2023). Digital transformation of trade: Trends, stages and factors of digitalization at the sectoral level. Technoeconomics: An international journal, 2(4), 38-45.
• Götz, M., Bartosik-Purgat, M., & Jankowska, B. (2018). International aspects and challenges of digital transformation. The Polish Journal of Economics, 293(1), 87-102.
• Gu, S., Liao, P., & Li, X. (2024). The role and strategies of digital transformation in promoting sustainable development of international trade. Information Systems and Economics, 5(4), 18-26.
• Igbinenikaro, E., & Adewusi, O. A. (2024). Policy recommendations for integrating artificial intelligence into global trade agreements. International Journal of Engineering Research Updates, 6(01), 1-10.
• Jayathilaka, U. R. (2022). The role of artificial intelligence in accelerating international trade: Evidence from panel data analysis. Reviews of Contemporary Business Analytics, 5(1), 1-15.
• Khanzode, K. C. A., & Sarode, R. D. (2020). Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning: A literature review. International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS), 9(1), 3.
• Kumar, S., Lim, W. M., Sivarajah, U., & Kaur, J. (2023). Artificial intelligence and blockchain integration in business: Trends from a bibliometric-content analysis. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 871-896.
• Laghari, A. A., Wu, K., Laghari, R. A., Ali, M., & Khan, A. A. (2021). A review and state of art of Internet of Things (IoT). Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 29, 1395–1413.
• Liu, L., & Zhao, P. (2022). Manufacturing service innovation and foreign trade upgrade model based on internet of things and industry 4.0.. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 1-13.
• Lo, C. P., & Lee, Y. (2024). Digitalization, AI intensity, and international trade. Annals of Economics and Finance, 25(1), 251-273.
• Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(5), 164-173.
• Maulana, G. F., & Juliarto, A. (2021). The implementation of blockchain in international trade. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 10(4), 1-8.
• McDaniel, C. A., & Norberg, H. C. (2019). Can blockchain technology facilitate international trade?. Mercatus Research Paper.
• Niranjanamurthy, M., Nithya, B. N., & Jagannatha, S. J. C. C. (2019). Analysis of Blockchain technology: Pros, cons and SWOT. Cluster Computing, 22, 14743-14757.
• Ouriat, A., Mirarab Baygi, S. A., & Khandan Alamdari, S. (2024). Application, pros and cons of Blockchain networks. International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 9(35), 189-206. Pereira, C. S., Durão, N., Moreira, F., & Veloso, B. (2022). The importance of digital transformation in international business. Sustainability, 14(2), 1-26.
• Qiuxia, H., & Yujie, H. (2022). The application of internet of things data analysis in the development of international trade. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 1-8.
• Rathore, B. (2023). Digital transformation 4.0: Integration of artificial intelligence & metaverse in marketing. Eduzone: International Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(1), 42-48.
• Soumyalatha, S. G. H. (2016). Study of IoT: Understanding IoT architecture, applications, issues and challenges. In 1st International Conference on Innovations in Computing & Net-working (ICICN16), CSE, RRCE. International Journal of Advanced Networking & Applications, 478, 477-482.
• Schwertner, K. (2017). Digital transformation of business. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(1), 388-393.
• Shapoval, K. (2024). Digital transformation and the evolution of international business standards: Navigating new technological frontiers. Materials of the 46th International Scientific and Practical Conference, 193-195.
• Slatvinska, V., Demchenko, V., Tretiak, K., Hnatyuk, R., & Yarema, O. (2022). The impact of blockchain technology on international trade and financial business. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance 10(1), 102-112.
• Sousa, M. J. (2018). The impact of the Internet of things on global trade: A multiple-case study on multinationals. Transnational Corporations Review, 10(2), 108-114.
• Toorajipour, R., Oghazi, P., Sohrabpour, V., Patel, P. C., & Mostaghel, R. (2022). Block by block: A blockchain-based peer-to-peer business transaction for international trade. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 1-10.
• Vorotyntseva, T., Nemirova, G., & Vinichenko, A. (2020). Problems of application of digital technologies in international trade. In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development”(NSRBCPED 2019). Atlantis Press, 452-456.
• Wang, S. (2024). The impact of digital transformation on international trade based on big data analysis models and threshold effects. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 30, 458-472.
• Wysokińska, Z. (2021). A review of the impact of the digital transformation on the global and European economy, comparative economic research. Central and Eastern Europe, 24(3), 75-92.
• Ye, Z., & Tong, Y. (2022). The influence of digital transformation of foreign trade enterprises on their business performance. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 1-9.