Türkiye’de Küreselleşmenin Ekolojik Bilanço Üzerine Etkisi: Maki Eşbütünleşme Analizi

Öz

ÖZ Neoliberal paradigmanın bir getirisi olarak artan küreselleşme hızı ile refahın yolunun doğanın sınırlarını gözetmeksizin ekonomik büyümeden geçtiği yönündeki varsayım ekonomilerin üretim ve tüketim desenini değiştirmiştir. Bu durum doğal kaynakların fütursuzca kullanılması nedeniyle çevre üzerinde ciddi olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmuş ve ülkelerin ekolojik bilançoları açık vermeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç küreselleşme ile ekolojik bilanço arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye için 1970 ile 2018 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde küreselleşme hızı endeksi, ekonomik büyüme ile ekolojik bilanço arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki çoklu yapısal kırılmaya izin veren Maki eşbütünleşme testiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, küreselleşme hızı, büyüme ve ekolojik bilanço arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Aralarında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi saptanan değişkenlerin uzun dönem katsayı tahmini için DOLS tekniği kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, küreselleşme hızı ve büyümenin ekolojik bilanço üzerinde negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunduğu ortaya konmuştur. Diğer bir ifadeyle, teorik beklentiler doğrulanmıştır: Neoliberalizmin bir getirisi olarak küreselleşme hızı ile büyüme arttıkça Türkiye’nin ekolojik bilançosu açık vermekte ve her geçen yıl ekolojik açık derinleşmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekolojik Bilanço, Ekolojik Açık, Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Biyokapasite, Küreselleşme, Maki Eşbütünleşme. JEL Sınıflandırması: O44, Q56, Q57

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekolojik Bilanço
• Ekolojik Açık
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Biyokapasite
• Küreselleşme
• Maki Eşbütünleşme

The Effect of Globalization on Ecological Balance in Turkey: Maki Cointegration Analysis

Öz

ABSTRACT As a result of the neoliberal paradigm, the increasing rate of globalization led to the production and consumption patterns of the economies have changed with the assumption that the way of prosperity is through economic growth, regardless of the limits of nature. It has had crucial negative consequences on nations’ ecological balance by using these natural resources unconcernedly. This study aims to investigate the relationship between globalization and ecological balance. In this context, the probable long-term relationship between the globalization rate index, economic growth and ecological balance sheet for the period covering 1970 to 2018 for Turkey was examined with the Maki cointegration test, which allows multiple structural breaks. According to the findings, it has been determined that there is a long-term relationship between the rate of globalization, growth rate, and ecological balance. DOLS technique was used for the long-term coefficient estimation of the variables with cointegration relationship. Accordingly, it has been revealed that the rate of globalization and growth have a negative and statistically significant effect on the ecological balance. In other words, the theoretical expectations have been confirmed: As an outcome of neoliberalism, as the pace of globalization and growth increase, Turkey's ecological balance sheet gives a deficit, and the ecological deficit gets deeper every year. Key Words: Ecological Balance, Ecological Deficit, Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity, Globalization, Maki Cointegration. JEL Classification: O44, Q56, Q57.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecological Balance
• Ecological Deficit
• Ecological Footprint
• Biocapacity
• Globalization
• Maki Cointegration

Kaynakça

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