The Role Of Fiscal Policies On Human Development : An Empirical Approach

Öz

One of the primary purposes of governments is to sustain human development and economic growth. In this context, the goal of the study is to test the impact of taxes, government expenditures, income and infrastructure (electricity consumption) on the human development empirically in the period of 1998-2007 for 14 OECD countries. Panel unit root, panel cointegration, panel FMOLS, panel DOLS and panel vector error correction based causality methods have been used in the study. According to panel FMOLS results, while taxes have a negative impact on human development, government expenditures and income have a positive impact on it. The coefficient of the electricity consumption is not statistically significant. We also find that government expenditures and electricity consumption have a positive effect on human development according to panel DOLS results, however the coefficients of income and taxes are not statistically significant. Causality test results show that in the long term, there are causality relationships from taxes, government expenditures, electricity consumption and income to human development and from taxes, government expenditures, human development and electricity consumption to income. As a result of these findings we evaluate the government policies that have been implemented in countries that have high human development level and make some policy suggestions in the conclusion section.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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The Role of Fiscal Policies on Human Development: An Empirical Approach

Öz

Hükümetlerin öncelikli amaçlarından birisi ekonomik büyüme ile beraber insani gelişimi sürekli kılabilmektir. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı vergilerin, kamu harcamalarının, gelirin ve altyapının (elektrik tüketimi) insani gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini 1998-2007 dönemlerinde 14 OECD ülkesi için ampirik olarak sınamaktır. Çalışmada panel birim kök, panel eşbütünleşme, panel FMOLS, panel DOLS ve panel vektör hata düzeltmeye dayalı nedensellik yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Panel FMOLS sonuçlarına göre, insani gelişim üzerinde vergilerin negatif, kamu harcamaları ve gelirin pozitif etkisi vardır. Elektrik tüketiminin katsayısı istatistiki olarak anlamlı değildir. Panel DOLS sonuçlarına göre, kamu harcamalarının ve elektrik tüketiminin insani gelişim üzerindeki etkisi pozitifken, vergiler ve gelirin katsayısı istatistiki olarak anlamlı değildir. Nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre; uzun dönemde vergiler, kamu harcamaları, elektrik tüketimi ve gelirden insani gelişime doğru ve insani gelişme, vergiler, kamu harcamaları ve elektrik tüketiminden gelire doğru nedensellik ilişkisi elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında insani gelişim düzeyi yüksek ülkelerde uygulanan kamu politikaları değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitli politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsani Gelişme İndeksi, Maliye Politikaları, Panel FMOLs, Panel DOLS

Kaynakça

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