Relationship between Foreign Trade and Migration: The Case of Italy and Spain

Öz

We live in a highly dynamic world where migration is inevitable and multidimensional. Although the theories developed to understand the processes of international migration and the assumptions and hypotheses of each perspective are not inherently contradictory, they have very different implications for policy implementation. Countries are different, and what works best for one country may not work for another.
This study, which aims to examine the relationship between foreign trade and migration in Italy and Spain, covers the period between 1990 and 2018. The data of the study were compiled by using the databases of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the World Bank (World Bank) According to the results of the study, import and export in Italy is the Granger cause of migration. In Spain, on the other hand, immigration is the Granger cause of both exports and imports. In addition to the immigration phenomenon for Spain, Granger was found to be the reason for imports in exports. The long-term validity of the results within the scope of the study was tested with the help of Engle-Granger Cointegration analysis and a long-term relationship was accepted.
Key Words: International Migration, International Trade, Neo-classical Economics, Export, Import
JEL Classification: F22, F11, F6. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : International Migration
• International Trade
• Neo-classical
• Neo-classical
• Economics
• Economics, Export

Dış Ticaret ve Göç İlişkisi: İtalya ve İspanya Örneği

Öz

Göçün kaçınılmaz ve çok boyutlu olduğu son derece hareketli bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. Uluslararası göçün süreçlerini anlamak için geliştirilen teoriler ve her perspektifin varsayımları ile hipotezleri doğası gereği çelişkili olmasa da, politikaların uygulanması açısından çok farklı çıkarımları taşımaktadırlar. Ülkeler farklıdır ve bir ülke için en uygun olan şey başka bir ülke için geçerli olmayabilir.
İtalya ve İspanya’da dış ticaret ve göç ilişkisinin incelenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışma, 1990-2018 dönemleri arasını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmaya ait veriler Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi (Eurostat) ve Dünya Bankası (World Bank) veri tabanlarından yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre İtalya’ da ithalat ve ihracat göçün Granger nedenidir. İspanya’da ise göç hem ihracatın hem de ithalatın Granger nedenidir. İspanya için göç olgusuna ilave olarak ihracatta ithalatın Granger nedeni olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında bulunan sonuçların uzun dönemli olarak geçerliliği Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme analizi yardımı ile sınanmış ve uzun dönemli ilişki kabul edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası Göç, Uluslararası Ticaret, Neo-Klasik Ekonomi, İthalat, İhracat
JEL Sınıflandırması: F22, F11, F6.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Göç
• Uluslararası Ticaret
• İthalat
• İhracat

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