Ekonomik Büyüme, Karbon Salımı ve Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: G20 Ülkelerinde Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Yaklaşımı

Öz

Bilindiği gibi CO2 bir sera gazıdır. Fosil yakıtların içerdiği sera gazları atmosfere karışarak yeryüzünde küresel ısınmaya neden olmaktadır. Küresel ısınma, düzensiz yağışlar, kuraklık, tatlı suya erişimde zorluklar, canlı biyolojisinde değişiklikler gibi birçok olumsuz duruma neden olmaktadır. Bu yüzden yeryüzündeki yaşam giderek daha fazla tehdit altına girmektedir. Bu çalışmada ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyen faktörler arasında yer alan CO2 emisyonları ile yenilenebilir ve fosil bazlı enerji kullanımı arasındaki ilişki G-20 ülkelerinde panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Dünya Bankası'ndan toplanmıştır. 19 ülkede ve 31 zaman boyutunda toplam 589 veri incelenmiştir. Yatay kesit bağımlılığı, birim kök testleri ve homojenlik testleri yapılarak verilerin uzun vadeli tahmininde AMG yöntemi kullanıldı. Değişkenler arasında Granger nedensellik testi yapıldı. GSYİH büyümesi ile CO2 arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuş ve CO2 kullanımındaki bir birimlik artışın GSYİH büyümesinde 0,88 birimlik bir artışa neden olacağı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışma, yenilenebilir enerji, fosil enerji tüketimi ve CO2 kullanımından GSYİH büyümesine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Panel Veri
• Küresel Isınma
• G-20
• AMG
• Granger Nedensellik.

Determining the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Carbon Emission and Energy Consumption: Panel Cointegration and Causality Approach in G20 Countries

Öz

As it is known, CO2 is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases contained in fossil fuels mix with the atmosphere and cause global warming on earth. Global warming causes many negative situations such as irregular rainfall, drought, difficulties in accessing fresh water, and changes in living biology. Thus, life on earth is becoming increasingly threatened. In this study, the relationship between CO2 emissions and renewable and fossil-based energy use, which are among the factors affecting economic growth, was applied in G-20 countries with panel data analysis. The data of the study were collected from the World Bank. A total of 589 data were studied in 19 countries and 31 time dimensions. AMG method was used for long-term estimation of the data by performing cross-section dependence, unit root tests and homogeneity tests. Granger causality test was performed between the variables. A positive relationship was found between GDP growth and CO2, and it was found that a one-unit increase in CO2 use would cause a 0.88-unit increase in GDP growth. Additionally, the study found that there is a unidirectional causality from renewable energy, fossil energy consumption and CO2 usage to GDP growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Panel Data
• Global Warming
• G-20
• AMG
• Granger Causality.

Kaynakça

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