BİLİM(LER) VE İKTİSAT

Öz

“İktisat nasıl bir bilimdir?” sorusu iktisat bilimi (önce political economy ve ardından economics) kavramı kullanılmasından bu yana tartışıl-maktadır. Özellikle iktisat metodolojisi ve felsefesi çalışmalarında öne çıkan konu, bu soruya verilen yanıtlarla ilgilidir.

İktisat bilimindeki hâkim görüş, iktisadın pozitif bir bilim olduğu ve doğal bilimlerinin kullandığı yöntemleri izlemesi gerektiğine ilişkindir.  Makalede bu yöndeki tartışmalardan çok söz edilmeyecektir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, pozitif bilim tartışmalarına fazla değinmeden, iktisadın sanat ve sosyal bilim yönünü öne çıkartmak, Ajan Bazlı Kompütasyonel İktisadın (ACE) gerçekçi iktisat yapma konusunda iddialarını ele almaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal ve sosyal bilimler,yapayın bilimi,uygulamalı iktisat,sosyal iktisat,ajan bazlı kompütasyonel iktisat

Öz

The question of 'what type of science is economics' has been discussed as early as the first mention of economics (first political economy and then economics) as a concept. This topic is discussed especially in the methodology and philosophy of economics studies, with varying answers depending on the approach.

The prevailing view in social sciences is that economics is a positive science and should follow the methods used in natural sciences. This article does not particularly deal with such discussions. Our goal here is, without touching this issue much, to mention the art and social science aspects of economics, as well as to address agent-based computational economics (ACE)'s claim of performing realistic economics.

Kaynakça

1. AL-SUWAILEM, S., (2017) ” Is Economics a Science? A Godelian Perspective”, F. A. Doria(ed) The Limits of Mathematical Modeling in the Social Sciences, World Scientific, s.207-266
2. BACKHOUSE, R., E. AND JEFF BIDDLE, (2000) “The Concept of Applied Economics: A History of Ambiguity and Multiple Meanings”, History of Political Economy, 32, s. 1-24.https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-32-Suppl_1-1
3. BACKHOUSE, R., E. ve BÉATRICE CHERRIER, (2017) “ The age of the Applied Economist: The Transformation of Economics since the 1970s” , History of Political Economy, 49(59).
4. BEINHOCKER. E. (2013) “Reflexivity, Complexity, and the Nature of Social Science”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 20(4), s. 330-342
5. BÖGENHOLD, D., (2014)” Schumpeter’s Idea of a Universal Social Science”, Atlantic Econonomic Journal, 42, s.205–215
6. BÖGENHOLD, D., (2017) “Social-Scienciation of Economics and its Consequences: On a Relative Convergence between Economics and Sociology“, Italian Association for the History of Political Economy, WP 3 – 2017
7. CEDRINI. M., ve M. FONTANA, (2017)” Just another Niche in the Wall? How Specialization is Changing the Face of Mainstream Economics, Cambridge Journal of Economics, s.1-25
8. CHAFIM, F., (2016) “Disciplinary Division within Social Sciences. Methodological Issues in Economic Imperialism and Economic Pluralism”, History of Economic Ideas, 24, s.144-164.

9. CHANNELL DAVID F., (2009) ” The Emergence of the Engineering Sciences: An Historical Analysis”, Edited by, Anthonie Meijers, Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Volume 9, Elsevier, s.117-154
10. SHU-HENG CHEN ve R. VENKATACHALAM, (2017) “Agent Based Modelling as a Foundation for Big Data”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 24(4).
11. COLANDER, D., (1995)” Is Milton Friedman an Artist or a Scientist?” Journal of Economic Methodology, 2(1), s.105-122
12. COLANDER, D.,, The Lost Art of Economics, Edward Elgar, 2001
13. COLANDER, D.,, (2004) “From Muddling Through to the Economics of Control: View of Applied Policy from J.N. Keynes to Abba Lerner, September” 2004, Mıddlebury College Economıcs Dıscussıon Paper, No. 04-21
14. COLANDER, D.,, (2011) “Applied Policy, Welfare Economics, and Mill’s Half-Truths’”, (Der.) John B. Davis, ve D. Wade Hands, The Elgar Companion to Recent Economic Methodology, Part II, Chapter 8, Edward Elgar, s. 173–87
15. COLANDER, D.,, (2015) “Framing the Economic Policy Debate”, History of Political Economy, 47(5), s. 253-266
16. COLANDER, D.,, “ (2016) Creating Humble Economists: A Code of Ethics for Economists”,(Der.) George F. DeMartino ve Deirdre N. McCloskey, The Oxford Handbook of Professional Economic Ethics, Part VIII, Chapter 36, Oxford University Press,s. 737–49
17. COLANDER, D.,, (2017) “Ignorance and Economics”, Forum For Social Economics, 46(2), s.139-144.
18. COLANDER, D.,, (2017b) Microeconomics, 10. Baskı, McGraw Hill.
19. COLANDER, D.,ve R.KUPERS, (2014) Complexity and the Art of Public Policy: Solving Society's Problems from the Bottom Up, Princeton University Press.
20. COLANDER, D., ve HUEI-CHUN SU, (2015) “ Making Sense of Economists’ Positive-Normative Distinction, Journal of Economic Methodology, 22(2).
21. COLANDER, D.,ve HUEI-CHUN SU, How Economics Should Be Done Essays on the Art and Craft of Economics, Edward Elgar, 2018
22. DEANE, D., COLANDER, D., ve J. WOOS, (1994) The Art of Monetary Policy, Routledge.J.B. Davis, (2016) “ Economics Imperialism versus Multidisciplinarity”, History of Economic Ideas, 24, s. 77–94.
23. PAOLA D’ORAZIO, (2017) “Big Data and Complexity: Is Macroeconomics Heading toward a New Paradigm?”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 24(4), s.410-429,
24. DI IORIO, F., ve SHU-HENG CHEN, (2017) “Agent-Based Simulation as an Implementation of Methodological Individualism”, The Center for the History of Political Economy Working Paper Series, No. 2017-23, December.
25. EREN, E., (2011) “L. Walras’ın İktisadi Düşüncesi ve Yansımaları “Fransa’nın K. Marx’ı mı, Kapitalizmin Savunucusu mu?”, Der. O.İşler ve F.Yılmaz, İktisadı Felsefeyle Düşünmek, İletişim Yayınları, s. 137-155FAGIOLO, :G., ve A. ROVENTINI, (2017) ”Macroeconomic Policy in DSGE and Agent- Based Models Redux: New Developments and Challenges Ahead”, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 20(1) 1, Doi: 10.18564/jasss.3280 Url: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/20/1/1.html
26. FREY, B. S.,, (2017) “Reactivity in Economic Science”, CESifo Working Paper No. 6593,
27. GRANOVETTER, M. S. (2017) Society and Economy: Framework and Principles, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
28. GREGOR, S. (2010), “Building Theory in a Practical Science”, (eds) D. Hart ve S. Gregor Information Systems Foundations: The Role of Design Science, ANU ePress, Canberra, s. 51-74.
29. HALDANE A. G ve ARTHUR E TURRELL, (2017) “An Interdisciplinary Model for Macroeconomics Bank of England”, Staff Working Paper No. 696
30. HAMERMESH, D. S. (2013) “Six Decades of Top Economics Publishing: Who and How?”, Journal of Economic Literature , 51(1), 162–172
31. HANSSON, S. O. (2009) “Philosophy of Medical Technology”, (ed)Anthonie Meijers, Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Volume 9, Elsevier, s.1275-1300
32. HODGSON G. M. (2007) ”Evolutionary and Institutional Economics as the New Mainstream?”, Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 4(1), s. 7–25
33. MARCHIONATTI , R. ve M. CEDRINI, (2017) Economics as Social Science. Economics Imperialism and the Challenge of Interdisciplinary, London: Routledge
34. MILONAKIS, D. ve BEN FINE, From Political Economy to Economics Method, the Social and the Historical in the Evolution of Economic Theory, Routledge, 2009
35. RAWORTH K., (2018), Doughnut Economics “Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist, Chelsea Green Publishing; Reprint edition, (Ed) Peter Rona ve Laszlo Zsolnai, Economics as a Moral Science, Springer, 2017
36. ROOCHNIK, D., (2017) “Of Art and Wisdom: Plato's Understanding of Techne”, http://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-01841-0.html
37. ROSENBERG , A. (2009) “ If Economics is a Science, What Kind of a Science Is It? “, (eds) Harold Kincaid, Don Ross The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy Of Economıcs, Oxford University Press, s.55-67
38. SCHATZBERG , E., (2012) “Art to Applied Science”, ISIS,103(3), s. 555-563http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/667979
39. SIMON, H. A. (1969) The Sciences of the Artificial. M.I.T Press,
40. SOROS G. (2013) “Fallibility, Reflexivity, and the Human Uncertainty Principle”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 20(4) s. 309-329
41. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (2014) “ Episteme and Techne”https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/episteme-techne/
42. TESFATSION L. (2017) “Modeling Economic Systems as Locally Constructive Sequential Games”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 24(4), s. 384-409
43. WILLIAM, A. J., (2013) "The Desocialising of Economic Theory", International Journal of SocialEconomics, Vol. 40 Issue: 9, s.809-825