Evrimsel Dinamikler ve İktisadi Karmaşıklık

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 18, 25.12.2017

Murat Yıldızoğlu

Öz

We propose in this article a quick introduction to the evolutionary analysis of complex economic dynamics. When we look at the economic dynamics as resulting from the workings of a Complex adaptive System (CAS), our attention necessarily focuses on new questions, and our analytical efforts need the development of new modeling methods. After having quickly discussed the properties of CAS in Economics, the article illustrates them more in detail using the example of industrial dynamics where this approach has historically been developed first. This discussion is followed by an introduction to the main methods used for analyzing CAS, and develops an example model of industry dynamics (Nelson & Winter 1892, part V). We also give an analytically organized bibliography to provide the reader with an entry point to an already very large literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İktisatdi dinamikler, Uyarlı Karmaşık Sistemler, Evrimsel modelleme, Öğrenme, Kompütasyonel iktisat

Evolutionary Dynamics and Economic Complexity

Öz

We propose in this article a quick introduction to the evolutionary analysis of complex economic dynamics. When we look at the economic dynamics as resulting from the workings of a Complex adaptive System (CAS), our attention necessarily focuses on new questions, and our analytical efforts need the development of new modeling methods. After having quickly discussed the properties of CAS in Economics, the article illustrates them more in detail using the example of industrial dynamics where this approach has historically been developed first. This discussion is followed by an introduction to the main methods used for analyzing CAS, and develops an example model of industry dynamics (Nelson & Winter 1892, part V). We also give an analytically organized bibliography to provide the reader with an entry point to an already very large literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic dynamics; Complex adaptive systems; Evolutionary modeling; Learning; Computational economics.

Kaynakça

• Arthur, W. B. (1989) Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns and Lock-in by Small Historical Events, \textit{The Economic Journal}, 99 , 116-131.
• Cohen, W.W., Levinthal D.A. (1989) Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R{\&}D, \textit{Economic Journal}, \textbf{99} , 569-596.
• Cohen, W. W, Levinthal, D. (1990) Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, \textit{Administrative Science Quarterly}, \textbf{35} , 128-152
• David, P.A. (1985) Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. \textit{American Economic Review}, \textbf{75}, 323 - 337.
• David, P. A. (2001) Path dependence, its critics and the quest for 'historical economics', in A. Garrouste, P. and Ioannides, S (ed.) \textit{Evolution and Path Dependence in Economic Ideas}, Edward Elgar, 2001.
• Dosi, G. (1982) Technological paradigms and technological trajectories, \textit{Research Policy}, \textbf{11} , 147-162.
• Dosi, G. (1988) Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation, \textit{Journal of Economic Literature}, 26, 1120-1171.
• Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R., Silverberg, G. and Soete, L. (1988). \textit{Technical change and Economic Theory}. London and New York: Pinter Publishers.
• Dosi, Giovanni, \& Nelson, Richard R. (2010.) Technical Change And Industrial Dynamics As Evolutionary Processes. Chap. 3 of: Hall, Bronwyn, \& Rosenberg, Nathan (eds), \emph{Handbook of The Economics of Innovatio}n, vol. 1. North-Holland.
• Iwai, K. (1984) Schumpeterian Dynamics I: Technological Progress, Firm Growth and Economic Selection. \textit{Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization}, \textbf{5}, 321 - 51.
• Iwai, K. (1984b) Schumpeterian Dynamics, Part II: Technological Progress, Firm Growth and ``Economic Selection. \textit{Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization}, \textbf{5}, 321 - 351.
• Jonard, N. and Yildizoglu, M. (1998) Technological Diversity in an Evolutionary Industry Model with Localized Learning and Network Externalities. \textit{Structural Change and Economic Dynamics}, \textbf{9(1)}, 35 - 55.
• Jonard, N. and Yildizoglu, M. (1999). \textit{Sources of Technological Diversity}. Paris: Cahiers de l'innovation, no.99030, CNRS, http://yildizoglu.fr/.
• Malerba, F., L. Orsenigo (1997) Technological regimes and sectoral patterns of innovative activities, \textit{Industrial and Corporate Change}, \textbf{6} , 83–117.
• Malerba, F. (2002) Sectoral systems of innovation and production, \textit{Research Policy} , \textbf{31} , 247–264.
• Nelson, R. R., \& Winter, S. 1(982a). The Schumpetarian Tradeoff Revisited. \emph{The American Economic Review}, \textbf{72}, 114–132.
• Pavitt, K. (1984) Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a taxonomy and a Theory, \textit{Research Policy}, \textbf{13}, 343-373.
• Vallée, T. {\&} Yildizoglu M. (2006) Social and Technological Efficiency of Patent Systems, \textit{Journal of Evolutionary Economics}, \textbf{16},189-206.
• Firmaların iç organizasyonları ve dinamikleri
• Dupouet, O., Yildizoglu, M. and Cohendet, P. (2002) Morphogenèse Des Communautés de Pratique. \textit{Revue d'Economie Industrielle}, \textbf{103}, 91-110.
• Dupouët, O. and Yildizoglu, M. (2006) Organizational performance in hierarchies and communities of practice. \textit{Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization}, \textbf{61}, 668-690, 2006.
• Marengo, L. (1992) Coordination and Organizational Learning in the Firm. \textit{Journal of Evolutionary Economics}, \textbf{2}, 313 - 326.
• Rosenberg, Nathan. (1984).\emph{ Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics}. Cambridge:UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Teece, David. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. \emph{Research Policy}, 15.
• Teece, David J., Rumelt, Richard, Dosi, Giovanni, \& Winter, Sidney. (1994). Understanding Corporate Coherence: Theory and Evidence. \emph{Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization}, 23, 1–30.
• Makroiktisat ve büyüme
• Delli Gatti, Domenico, Gaffeo, Edoardo, Gallegati, Mauro, \& Palestrini, Gianfranco Giulioni Antonio. (2008). \emph{Emergent Macroeconomics. An Agent-Based Approach to Business Fluctuations}. Berlin: Springer.
• Delli Gatti, D., Gaffeo, E., \& Gallegati, M. 2010. Complex agent-based macroeconomics: a research agenda for a new paradigm. \emph{Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination}, 5(2), pp. 111–135.
• Nelson, Richard R. 1996. The Sources of Economic Growth. Cambridge:MA: Harvard University Press.
• Salle, Isabelle, Yildizoglu, Murat, \& Sénégas, Marc-Alexandre. 2017a. Coordination through Social Learning in a General Equilibrium Model. \emph{Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization}, basımda.
• Salle, Isabelle, Yildizoglu, Murat, \& Sénégas, Marc-Alexandre. 2017b. How Transparent About Its Inflation Target Should a Central Bank be? An Agent-Based Model Assessment. \emph{Journal of Evolutionary Economics}, basımda.
• Silverberg, G. {\&} Verspagen, B. (2005) \textit{Evolutionary Theorizing on Economic Growth}, Dopfer, K. (ed.) The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics, Cambridge University Press.
• Silverberg, G. and Yildizoglu, M. (2002) An Evolutionary Interpretation of the Aghion {\&} Howitt (1992) Model, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV, \textit{Working Papers of E3i},\\ \foreignlanguage{english}{\texttt{http://yıldızoglu.fr}}.
• Tesfatsion, L. (2006). Post Walrasian Macroeconomics: Beyond the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model. in D. Colander, ed.,\emph{ Agent-based computational modelling and macroeconomics}, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Makalede kullanılan diğer referanslar
• Benassy, Jean-Pascal. (1993). Nonclearing Markets: Microeconomic Concepts and Macroeconomic Applications. \emph{Journal of Economic Literature}, 31(2), 732–61.
• Evans, G. W., \& Honkapohja, S. (2001). \emph{Learning and Expectations in Macroeconomics}. Princeton University Press.
• Marshall, A. (1890) \emph{Principles of Economics}. 8th edn. London: Macmillan and Co.