Hayvan Hakları Bakışıyla Boşanma: Yeni Bir Çözüm Yolu Olarak Hayvan Velayeti

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 215 - 258, 24.01.2025

Buse Duru

Öz

Hayvanların insan hayatında varoluşları eski bir olgudur. Ancak, zaman içerisinde insan hayatının özel ve genel anlamda değişimiyle beraber, hayvanların insan hayatındaki statüsü ve buna bağlı olarak hukuk içindeki konumları ve hukuki olgu veya olaylar sonucundaki etkilenme düzeyleri de değişmiştir. Bu noktada, özellikle hayvanların hak sahibi özneler olarak kabulünün temelindeki doktrinsel görüşler önemlidir. Hayvanların hak sahibi özneler olarak kabul edilmesi ve insanlarla bağlarının derinleşmesiyle beraber, boşanma davalarındaki durumları da hak çerçevesinde hukuki, değerlendirmeye muhtaç bir konu haline gelmiştir.
Hayvanların, boşanma davalarındaki süreç ve sonuçtan nasıl etkileneceği ile ilgili temelde üç görüş bulunur. İlki, geleneksel görüş de denebilecek hayvanların eşya olarak kabul edilmesi ve eşya paylaşımı rejimine tabi tutulmasıdır. İkinci görüş, hayvan refahı bakış açısının boşanmalara yansımış hali olan ve bu sebeple antroposantrik özellik gösteren ailenin üstün menfaati görüşüdür. Nihayetinde, hayvanların haklarını gerçek anlamda koruyabilecek kuram ise, hayvanın üstün menfaati temelindeki hayvan velayeti düzenlemeleridir. Nitekim, gereken yeni çözüm yolunun hayvan velayeti temelinde olması gerektiğinin pratik kanıtlarını, bazı ülkelerde doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak verilmiş mahkeme kararlarından ve bu yönde gelişen hukuki düzenlemelerden de anlamaktayız. Bu çalışmada, hayvan velayeti temelinde yapılacak düzenlemelerin hayvan hakları kavramının gelişiminde ve toplumsal ihtiyaçlara cevap verme noktasında yasal çerçevede en uygun çözümü temsil edeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hayvan hakları, hayvan velayeti, hayvanın üstün menfaati, boşanma, velayet düzenlemeleri.

Divorce From Animal Rights Perspective: Pet Custody As A New Solution

Öz

The existence of animals in human life is an old phenomenon. However, as human life has evolved over time, both personally and generally, so has the status of animals in human life. As a result, their place in the legal system and the degree to which legal facts or events affect them have also changed. At this point, the doctrinal views underlying the acceptance of animals as rights-bearing subjects are particularly important. As animals are accepted as subjects with rights and their ties with humans have deepened, their situation in divorce cases has become a subject that needs legal evaluation within the framework of rights.
There are basically three views on how animals will be affected by the process and outcome of divorce cases. The first or the traditional view is that animals are considered as property and are subject to a marital property regime. The second view is the view of the best interest of the family, which is the reflection of the animal welfare perspective on divorces and therefore has anthropocentric characteristics. Finally, the theory that can truly protect the rights of animals is pet custody rules based on the best interest of the animal. Moreover, we understand the practical evidence that the new solution required should be based on pet custody from the court decisions given explicit or implicit in some countries and the developing legal regulations in this direction. This study concludes that regulations to be made on the basis of pet custody represent the most suitable solution within the legal framework of the development animal rights concept and in addressing societal demands.

Anahtar Kelimeler

animal rights, pet custody, best interest of the animal, divorce, custody rules.

Kaynakça

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