Neurological Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Diagnosis and the Relationship with Disease Severity

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 76 - 82, 30.12.2021

Onur Serdar Gençler

https://doi.org/10.51261/yiu.2021.00037

Öz

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 spread rapidly all over the world, causing a pandemic. Neurological findings have also been reported in patients since the beginning of the pandemic. Recent data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2 has both neurotropic and neurovirulent effects. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of neurological findings in hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the relationship of these findings with the severity of COVID-19. Material and Methods: Patients, positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had an indication of hospitalization were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, systemic symptoms, laboratory values and computed chest tomography findings of the patients were recorded. Neurological findings of the patients were evaluated by an experienced neurologist, and the relationship between these findings and the disease severity was analyzed. Results: The median age of 66 patients 33 females, 33 males included in the study was 34.5. Of the patients, 33 50% had mild, 28 42.4% had moderate, 5 7.6% had severe COVID-19. The most common symptom was fever 48.5% . At least one neurologic symptom was detected in 43 patients 65.2% . Dysgeusia 27.3% , hyposmia-anosmia 27.3% , headache 25.8% and muscle pain 24.2% were the most common neurological symptoms. Among mild COVID-19 patients, individuals with neurological symptoms had longer hospitalization periods, than the patients without neurological symptoms p=0.017 . Conclusion: Neurological symptoms were observed in the majority of patients with COVID-19 in this study. Besides this study revealed that neurological symptoms may occur not only in aged intensive care patients with COVID-19, but also in young patients, with mild COVID-19. Therefore the hospitalization period may be prolonged in this patient group. In conclusion, regardless of its severity, physicians should keep in mind that COVID-19 may be a potential risk factor for neurological disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemic, neurological symptoms, nervous system invasion

Hastanede Yatan COVID-19 Tanılı Hastalarda Görülen Nörolojik Semptomlar ve Hastalık Şiddeti ile İlişkisi

Öz

Giriş: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 COVID-19 tüm dünyada hızla yayılarak pandemiye neden oldu. Pandeminin başından bu yana hastalarda nörolojik bulgular da bildirilmeye başlandı. Son veriler, ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromu korona virüs-2 SARSCoV-2 ’nin hem nörotropik hem de nörovirülan etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanısı ile hastaneye yatırılan hastalarda nörolojik bulguların varlığı ile bu bulguların COVID-19 şiddeti ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Materyal ve Metod: SARS-CoV-2 pozitif saptanan ve hastaneye yatış endikasyonu olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, sistemik semptomları, laboratuvar değerleri ve bilgisayarlı toraks tomografisi bulguları kayıt edildi. Hastaların nörolojik bulguları deneyimli bir nörolog tarafından değerlendirildi ve hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkisi analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 66 hastanın 33 kadın, 33 erkek , yaş ortanca değeri 34,5 idi. Hastaların 33’ü %50 hafif, 28’i %42.4 orta, 5’i %7.6 ağır şiddette COVID-19’a sahipti. En sık görülen semptom ateş yüksekliği idi %48.5 . 43 hastada %65.2 en az bir nörolojik semptom saptandı. Disguzi %27.3 , hipozmi-anozmi %27.3 , baş ağrısı %25.8 ve kas ağrısı %24.2 en sık görülen nörolojik semptomlardı. Hafif COVID-19 hastaları arasında nörolojik semptomları olan bireylerin hastanede yatış süreleri nörolojik semptomları olmayan hastalara göre daha uzundu p=0.017 . Sonuç: Bu çalışmada COVID-19 hastalarının büyük bir kısmında nörolojik semptomlar gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma nörolojik belirtilerin, yalnızca COVID-19’lu, yaşlı, yoğun bakım hastalarında değil hafif şiddetli, genç COVID-19 hastalarında da oluşabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sebeple, bu hasta grubunda hastanede yatış süresi uzayabilir. Sonuç olarak COVID-19’un, şiddetine bakılmaksızın nörolojik rahatsızlıklar açısından potansiyel bir risk faktörü olabileceği hekimler tarafından akılda tutulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemi, nörolojik belirtiler, sinir sistemi invazyon

Kaynakça

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