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The Relationship Between Fear of Missing Out and Depression Among Tourism Students: A Serial Mediating Roles of Social Media Addiction and Anxiety

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 161 - 173, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1494222

Öz

There is relatively limited research examining the impact of fear of missing out (FOMO) on increasing social media addiction (SMA) in youth, increasing anxiety, and ultimately leading to depression. The study aimed to examine the cumulative mediating effect of SMA and anxiety between FOMO and depression among university students majoring in tourism. In this context, an online survey was conducted with 395 participants using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and serial mediation analyses were performed in the study. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 24.0, PROCESS Macro for SPSS v4.0, and AMOS 24.0. The findings revealed the mediating role of SMA and anxiety on the relationship between FOMO and depression. The increased level of FOMO in youths leads to an increase in SMA and anxiety levels, which ultimately leads to an increase in depression. Therefore, the bidirectional relationships of SMA and anxiety should be taken into account in the effect of FOMO on depression in youth.

Kaynakça

  • Aalbers, G., McNally, R. J., Heeren, A., & Fried, S. D. (2018). Social media and depression symptoms: A network perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(48), 1454–1462.
  • Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 14(1), 33–44.
  • Ademoyegun, A. B., Ibitoye, A. G., Afolabi, J., Idowu, O. A., Fawole, H., Awotidebe, T. O., & Mbada, C. E. (2024). Can physical activity attenuate the impact of internet addiction on anxiety in young adults? A moderation analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 16, 100718.
  • Alutaybi, A., Al-Thani, D., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2020). Combating fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media: The FoMO-R method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6128). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176128
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.
  • American Psychological Association. (2015). Depressive disorders DSM-5 selections. American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • American Psychological Association. (2023). Depression: What is depression? Retrieved from
  • Aparicio-Martinez, P., Perea-Moreno, A.-J., Martinez-Jimenez, M. P., Redel-Macías, M. D., Vaquero-Abellan, M., & Pagliari, C. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the health field regarding social networks and young people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4024).
  • Appel, H., Crusius, J., & Gerlach, A. L. (2015). Social comparison, envy, and depression on Facebook: A study looking at the effects of high comparison standards on depressed individuals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(4), 277–289.
  • Asur, S., & Huberman, B. A. (2010). Predicting the future with social media. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology.
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style, and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69–72.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161–170.
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Turizm Öğrencilerinde Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki: Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Anksiyetenin Seri Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 161 - 173, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1494222

Öz

Gençlerde gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (FOMO)’nun sosyal medya bağımlılığını (SMB) artırma, anksiyeteyi yükseltme ve sonuçta depresyona yol açma üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen nispeten sınırlı araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm alanında yükseköğrenim gören öğrenciler arasında FOMO ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide SMB ve anksiyetenin kümülatif aracılık etkisini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile 395 katılımcıya çevrimiçi anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon analizleri ve seri aracılık analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, SPSS 24.0, PROCESS Macro v4.0 ve AMOS 24.0 programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, FOMO ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide SMB ve anksiyetenin aracılık rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Genç bireylerde FOMO seviyesinin artması, SMB ve anksiyete düzeylerinde bir artışa, bu da sonuç olarak depresyonun artmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, gençlerde FOMO’nun depresyon üzerindeki etkisinde SMB ve anksiyetenin çift yönlü ilişkileri dikkate alınmalıdır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmada kişisel verilerin korunması kanununa ve fikir ve sanat eserleri için geçerli telif hakları düzenlemelerine tam olarak uyulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu doğrultuda kişisel verilerin korunması ve gizliliğine büyük önem verildiğini ve telif haklarına saygı gösterildiğini ve ilgili mevzuata uygun hareket edildiğini taahhüt ederiz. Ethics committee approval was received for this study from Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Human Studies, Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Committee on 22/02/2024 and 02/07 document number.

Kaynakça

  • Aalbers, G., McNally, R. J., Heeren, A., & Fried, S. D. (2018). Social media and depression symptoms: A network perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(48), 1454–1462.
  • Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 14(1), 33–44.
  • Ademoyegun, A. B., Ibitoye, A. G., Afolabi, J., Idowu, O. A., Fawole, H., Awotidebe, T. O., & Mbada, C. E. (2024). Can physical activity attenuate the impact of internet addiction on anxiety in young adults? A moderation analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 16, 100718.
  • Alutaybi, A., Al-Thani, D., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2020). Combating fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media: The FoMO-R method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6128). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176128
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.
  • American Psychological Association. (2015). Depressive disorders DSM-5 selections. American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • American Psychological Association. (2023). Depression: What is depression? Retrieved from
  • Aparicio-Martinez, P., Perea-Moreno, A.-J., Martinez-Jimenez, M. P., Redel-Macías, M. D., Vaquero-Abellan, M., & Pagliari, C. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the health field regarding social networks and young people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4024).
  • Appel, H., Crusius, J., & Gerlach, A. L. (2015). Social comparison, envy, and depression on Facebook: A study looking at the effects of high comparison standards on depressed individuals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(4), 277–289.
  • Asur, S., & Huberman, B. A. (2010). Predicting the future with social media. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology.
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style, and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69–72.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161–170.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modelling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International Journal of Testing, 1(1), 55–86.
  • Casale, S., Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Benucci, S. B., & Fioravanti, G. (2023). Has the prevalence of problematic social media use increased over the past seven years and since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic? A meta-analysis of the studies published since the development of the Bergen social media addiction scale. Addictive Behaviors, 147, 107838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107838
  • Casale, S., Rugai, L., & Fioravanti, G. (2018). Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 85, 83–87.
  • Castells, M. (2016). İletişim gücü. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Choudhury, M. D., Gamon, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2013). Predicting depression via social media. Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 128–137.
  • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  • Council of Higher Education. (2024). Yükseköğretim program atlası. Retrieved from
  • Cunningham, S., Hudson, C. C., & Harkness, K. (2021). Social media and depression symptoms: A meta-analysis. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49, 241–253.
  • D’Arienzo, M. C., Boursier, V., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Addiction to social media and attachment styles: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(2), 1094–1118.
  • Demirci, İ. (2019). Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileriyle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.41585
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  • Lai, C., Altavilla, D., Ronconi, A., & Aceto, P. (2016). Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 516–512.
  • Maartje Boer, Eijnden, R. J., Boniel-Nissim, M., Wong, S.-L., Badura, P., & Stevens, G. W. J. M. (2020). Adolescents’ intense and problematic social media use and their well-being in 29 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), S89–S99.
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  • Mou, Q., Zhuang, J., Gao, Y., Zhong, Y., Lu, Q., Gao, F., & Zhao, M. (2022). The relationship between social anxiety and academic engagement among Chinese college students: A serial mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 311, 247–253.
  • Pang, H., & Quan, L. (2024). Assessing detrimental influences of fear of missing out on psychological well-being: The moderating role of self-presentation, upward contrast, and social media stalking. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 19(3), 881–904.
  • Park, E.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y., Sung, D., Kim, B., Hyun, Y., & Park, M.-H. (2021). The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sleep problems among adolescent students: Mediation by depression or anxiety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 236.
  • Park, H. J. (2022). Impact of Facebook usage intensity on fear of missing out and depression: Moderated mediating effect of Facebook usage behaviour. Telematics and Informatics, 74, 101878.
  • Parveiz, S., Amjad, A., & Ayub, S. (2023). Fear of missing out (FOMO), social comparison, and social media addiction among young adults. Pakistan Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(1), 224–235.
  • Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H.-J., Mößle, T., & O’Brien, C. P. (2014). An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction, 109(9), 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12457
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. The Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539–569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
  • Riaz, S., Anjum, F., & Soomro, D. L. (2024). Effect of social media addiction on the wellbeing of adolescents. International Journal of Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences, 4(1), 242–250.
  • Richardson, C. R., Avripas, S. A., Neal, D. L., & Marcus, S. M. (2005). Increasing lifestyle physical activity in patients with depression or other serious mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 11(6), 379–388.
  • Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2020). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily life and productivity at work: Do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat use disorders mediate that association? Addictive Behaviors, 110, 106487.
  • Rua, S. V. (2020). Perceptions of tourism: A study of residents’ attitudes towards tourism in the city of Girona. Journal of Tourism Analysis. Revista de Análisis Turístico, 27(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-03-2019-0015
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  • Sekścińska, K., & Jaworska, D. (2022). Who felt blue when Facebook went down? The role of self-esteem and FoMO in explaining people's mood in reaction to social media outage. Personality and Individual Differences, 188, 111460.
  • Servidio, R., Sinatra, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Monacis, L. (2021). Social comparison orientation and fear of missing out as mediators between self-concept clarity and problematic smartphone use. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107014.
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  • Stănculescu, E. (2022). The Bergen social media addiction scale validity in a Romanian sample using item response theory and network analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21, 2475–2492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00732-7
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  • Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., & Mäntymäki, M. (2021). Dark consequences of social media-induced fear of missing out (FoMO): Social media stalking, comparisons, and fatigue. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171, 120931.
  • Tao, Y., Tang, Q., Zou, X., Wang, S., Ma, Z., & Liu, X. (2023). Effects of attention to negative information on the bidirectional relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), depression, and smartphone addiction among secondary school students: Evidence from a two-wave moderation network analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 148, 107920.
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  • Uram, P., & Skalski, S. (2022). Still logged in? The link between Facebook addiction, FoMO, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and loneliness in social media users. Mental & Physical Health, 125(1), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120980970
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  • Varchetta, M., Mari, E., & Giannini, A. M. (2020). Adicción a redes sociales, miedo a perderse experiencias (FOMO) vulnerabilidad en línea en estudiantes universitarios. Vista Digital de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria, 14.
  • Watson, J. C., Prosek, E. A., & Giordano, A. L. (2022). Distress among adolescents: An exploration of mattering, social media addiction, and school connectedness. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 40(1), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829211050536
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  • Wolniewicz, C. A., Rozgonjuk, D., & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Boredom proneness and fear of missing out mediate relations between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.159
  • Yin, Y., Cai, X., Ouyang, M., Li, S., & Wang, P. (2023). FoMO and the brain: Loneliness and problematic social networking site use mediate the association between the topology of the resting-state EEG brain network and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107624.
  • Yoon, S., Kleinman, M., Mertz, J., & Brannick, M. (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook–depression relations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 248, 65–72.
  • Yuana, G., Elhai, J. D., & Hall, B. J. (2020). The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106648.
  • Zarate, D., Hobson, B. A., March, E., Griffiths, M. D., & Stavropoulos, V. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Bergen social media addiction scale: An analysis using item response theory. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 17, 100473.
  • Zhang, M. X., Yu, S. M., Demetrovics, Z., & Wu, A. M. (2023). Metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms could serve as mediators between fear of missing out and gaming disorder in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 145, 107775.
  • Zhu, X., & Xiong, Z. (2022). Exploring association between social media addiction, fear of missing out, and self-presentation online among university students: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 896762. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896762
Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yükseköğretim Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erkan Güneş 0000-0002-9196-3958

Zeynep Ekmekçi 0000-0002-2110-8438

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Güneş, E., & Ekmekçi, Z. (2024). The Relationship Between Fear of Missing Out and Depression Among Tourism Students: A Serial Mediating Roles of Social Media Addiction and Anxiety. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 14(3), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1494222

Yükseköğretim Dergisi, bünyesinde yayınlanan yazıların fikirlerine resmen katılmaz, basılı ve çevrimiçi sürümlerinde yayınladığı hiçbir ürün veya servis reklamı için güvence vermez. Yayınlanan yazıların bilimsel ve yasal sorumlulukları yazarlarına aittir. Yazılarla birlikte gönderilen resim, şekil, tablo vb. unsurların özgün olması ya da daha önce yayınlanmış iseler derginin hem basılı hem de elektronik sürümünde yayınlanabilmesi için telif hakkı sahibinin yazılı onayının bulunması gerekir. Yazarlar yazılarının bütün yayın haklarını derginin yayıncısı Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi'ne (TÜBA) devrettiklerini kabul ederler. Yayınlanan içeriğin (yazı ve görsel unsurlar) telif hakları dergiye ait olur. Dergide yayınlanması uygun görülen yazılar için telif ya da başka adlar altında hiçbir ücret ödenmez ve baskı masrafı alınmaz; ancak ayrı baskı talepleri ücret karşılığı yerine getirilir.

TÜBA, yazarlardan devraldığı ve derginin çevrimiçi (online) sürümünde yayımladığı içerikle ilgili telif haklarından, bilimsel içeriğe evrensel açık erişimin (open access) desteklenmesi ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, bilinen standartlarda kaynak olarak gösterilmesi koşuluyla, ticari kullanım amacı ve içerik değişikliği dışında kalan tüm kullanım (çevrimiçi bağlantı verme, kopyalama, baskı alma, herhangi bir fiziksel ortamda çoğaltma ve dağıtma vb.) haklarını (ilgili içerikte tersi belirtilmediği sürece) Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND4.0) Lisansı aracılığıyla bedelsiz kullanıma sunmaktadır. İçeriğin ticari amaçlı kullanımı için TÜBA'dan yazılı izin alınması gereklidir.