Bazı Prebiyotiklerin Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Balıklarda Bağışıklık ve Hastalık Direnci Üzerine Etkiler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 429 - 449, 31.12.2017

Metin Yazıcı

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i31121.327798

Öz

Akuakültür
dünyada besin üretiminde en hızlı büyüyen ve gelecek vaat eden sektörlerden
biridir. Bununla birlikte infeksiyöz hastalıklar akakültürde en temel problem
olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve çok önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Akuatik
hastalıklarla mücadelede en etkili yol, diğer hayvan yetiştiriciliklerinde
olduğu gibi antibiyotik kullanmak olmuştur. Bununla birlikte antibiyotik
direnci gelişmesi ve yayılması gibi ciddi negatif etkilerinden dolayı son
yıllardaki antibiyotiklerin akuakültürde kullanılmalarına sıkı düzenlemeler
gelmiştir. Bunun sonucunda antibiyotikler artık bazı durumlarda bakteriyel
hastalıkların tedavisinde etkili değildir. Bu
durum hastalıklarla mücadelede prebiyotikler gibi antibiyotiklere alternatif
stratejiler geliştirilmesine ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Prebiyotikler konakçıdaki
faydalı bakterileri arttıran sindirilemeyen liflerdir. Çeşitli
karasal hayvanlarda sağlık ve performans alanındaki potansiyel faydaları
gösterilmesine rağmen, prebiyotiklerin yetiştiriciliği yapılan balıklarda
kullanımı daha az araştırılmıştır. Sindirim
sistemindeki bakteriler konakçının sağlığını ve beslenmesini etkilemede önemli
bir role sahiptir. Prebiyotikler spesifik
olmayan immun cevapta farklı seviyelerde rol oynar. Bu yüzden,
barsak bakterilerini çeşitli yollarla değiştirerek patojenlere karşı daha iyi
direnç gösterme, konakçının büyümesi ve bağışıklığının arttırılması gibi
faydalı etkilere ulaşmak için çeşitli balıklarda araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu
derlemenin amacı mannan oligosakkarid (MOS), frukto olgosakkarid (FOS),
Inulin, Ksilo oligosakkarid (XOS), galakto oligosakkarid (GOS) gibi bazı
prebiyotiklerin yetiştiriciliği yapılan balıklarda immun sistem ve hastalık
dirençlerine etkilerine yönelik genel bir bakış sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

prebiyotik. balık, immun sistem, MOS, , akuakültür, hastalık direnci, FOS, GOS

Kaynakça

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