Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Unveiling the Perceptions of Counselor Candidates: Metaphorical Perspectives into Mental Health and Self-Care Skills

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 820 - 839
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1502779

Öz

The goal of this study was to discover counselor candidates' perspectives on the concepts of "mental health of counselors" and "self-care skills of counselors." In this study, metaphor analysis, a discourse analysis method, was employed. The study included 106 third and fourth-year psychological counselor candidates (86 females, 26 males). A brief questionnaire consisting of two sentences was provided and counselor applicants were instructed to complete the statements using metaphors. Content analysis revealed five sub-themes, including analogies about mental health. The sub-themes are as follows: health and balance, diversity and individuality, elegance and sensitivity, strength and resilience, and movement and change. Five sub-themes about self-care skills were discovered. The sub-themes are as follows: Care and attention, artistic understanding and diversity, elegance and sensitivity, cleanliness and order, and energy and renewal. The findings revealed that counselor candidates addressed a wide range of mental health and self-care concepts. The variety of metaphors demonstrated how counselor applicants perceived and appreciated these concepts on a multifaceted and personal basis.

Kaynakça

  • American Counseling Association [ACA]. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved 9.04.2024 from https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/ethics
  • American Counseling Association [ACA]. (2021). What do counselors do? Retrieved on 18.04.2024 from https://www.counseling.org
  • American Psychological Association. (2020). The importance of individual differences in mental health. APA.
  • American Psychological Association. (2021). American psychological association’s covıd-19 practitioner survey. Retrieved 14.05.2024 from https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/practitioner/covid-19-2021
  • Arnout, B. A., & Almoied, A. A. (2021). A structural model relating gratitude, resilience, psychological well‐being and creativity among psychological counsellors. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 470-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12316
  • Bakioğlu, A., & Asyalı, S. G. (2013). Rehber öğretmenlerin bulundukları kariyer evrelerine göre okul yönetimini algılayışlarının niteliksel olarak incelenmesi. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 21(21), 89-110.
  • Barnett, J. E., & Cooper, N. (2009). Creating a culture of self‐care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01138.x
  • Bierman, K. L., & Sanders, M. T. (2021). Teaching explicit social-emotional skills with contextual supports for students with intensive intervention needs. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 29(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426620957623
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28.
  • Dost, M. T. (2020). Okul psikolojik danişmanlarina göre ilkokullardaki rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin durumu ve sorunları/ The state and problems of psychological counseling and guidance services in primary schools according to school counselors. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 19(76), 1673-1690. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.715029
  • Dye, L., Burke, M. G., & Wolf, C. (2020). Teaching mindfulness for the self-care and well-being of counselors-in-training. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 15(2), 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2019.1642171
  • Erden, S. (2015). Awareness: The effect of group counseling on awareness and acceptance of self and others. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1465-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.776
  • Figley, C. R. (2020). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Routledge.
  • Finlay-Jones, A., Rees, C. S., & Kane, R. T. (2015). Self-compassion, emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists: Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling. PLoS One, 10(7), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133481.
  • Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Burton, C. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Coping flexibility, potentially traumatic life events, and resilience: A prospective study of college student adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(6), 542-567. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.542
  • Guler, D., & Ceyhan, E. (2021). Development of self-care behaviours in counsellors-in-training through an experiential self-care course: an action research. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 49(3), 414-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1740915
  • Herrman, H., Saxena, S., & Moodie, R. (Eds.). (2005). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. World Health Organization.
  • Hill, C. E. (2004). Helping skills: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action. American Psychological Association.
  • Hill, K., Wittkowski, A., Hodgkinson, E., Bell, R., & Hare, D. J. (2016). Using the repertory grid technique to examine trainee clinical psychologists' construal of their personal and professional development. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23(5), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1961.
  • Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2020). Perinatal mental health: A review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry, 19(3), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20769
  • James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies. Cengage Learning.
  • Jiang, X., Topps, A. K., & Suzuki, R. (2021). A systematic review of self-care measures for professionals and trainees. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 15(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000318
  • Kalay, Ü., & Mamacı, M. (2021). Psikolojik danışmanların duygusal emek stratejilerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi/ Investigation of the effects of psychological counselors' emotional labor strategies on burnout levels. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(43), 6662-6681. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.968874
  • Lakioti, A., Stalikas, A., & Pezirkianidis, C. (2020). The role of personal, professional, and psychological factors in therapists’ resilience. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 51(6), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000306
  • Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
  • Leung, T., Schmidt, F., & Mushquash, C. (2023). A personal history of trauma and experience of secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, and burnout in mental health workers: A systematic literature review. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 15(2), S213–S221. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001277
  • Lewis, O., Ohrt, J., Toomey, T. M., Linich, K., Wymer, B., & Newton, T. (2022). A systematic review of nature-based counseling interventions to promote mental health and wellness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 44(3), 191-208. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.44.3.01
  • Morse, G., Salyers, M. P., Rollins, A. L., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Pfahler, C. (2021). Burnout in mental health services: A review of the problem and its remediation. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 39, 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2021.1904315
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Burnout. In Fink, G. (Ed.). Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 351-357). Academic Press.
  • Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor Analysis in Psychology—Method, Theory, and Fields of Application. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.2.1090
  • Nelson, J. A., & Wines, L. A. (2023). Training school counselors in graduate programs to be mental health conscious. In Administrative leaders and school counselors (pp. 70-84). Routledge.
  • Norcross, J. C., & Guy, J. D. (2007). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care. Guilford Press.
  • Patnode, C. D., Redmond, N., Iacocca, M. O., & Henninger, M. (2022). Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Jama, 328(4), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.7408
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative study and evaluation methods. Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Pope, K. S., & Vasquez, M. J. T. (2016). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling: A practical guide. Wiley.
  • Posluns, K., & Gall, T. L. (2020). Dear mental health practitioners, take care of yourselves: A literature review on self-care. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 42(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09382-w
  • Rupert, P. A., Miller, A. O., Tuminello Hartman, E. R., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Predictors of career satisfaction among practicing psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029420.
  • Schmidt, J.J. (1996). Counseling in schools: Essential services and comprehensive programs. Needhem Heights.
  • Skovholt, T. M., & Trotter-Mathison, M. J. (2014). The resilient practitioner: Burnout prevention and self-care strategies for counselors, therapists, teachers, and health professionals. Routledge.
  • Smith, K. L. (2017). Self-care practices and the professional self. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 16(3-4), 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536710X.2017.1372236
  • Sözen, E. (2014). Söylem -belirsizlik, mübadele, bilgi/güç ve refleksitive. Birleşik Yayınevi.
  • Toporek, R. L., Lewis, J. A., & Crethar, H. C. (2009). Promoting systemic change through the ACA advocacy competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(3), 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2009.tb00105.x
  • Ültanır, E. (2005). Türkiye’de psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) mesleği ve psikolojik danışman eğitimi. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 1(1), 102-111.
  • Vlăduţ, C. I., & Kállay, É. (2010). Work stress, personal life, and burnout: Causes, consequences, possible remedies: A theoretical review. Cognition, Brain, Behaviour: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 261–280.
  • Wei, H., & Wei, T. L. (2020). The power of self-care: An ENERGY model to combat clinician burnout. American Nurse Journal, 15(10), 28-31.
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health: Strengthening our response. WHO.

Psikolojik Danışman Adaylarının Bakış Açılarını Ortaya Koymak: Ruh Sağlığı ve Öz Bakım Becerilerine İlişkin Metaforik Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 820 - 839
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1502779

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik danışman adaylarının "psikolojik danışmanların ruh sağlığı" ve "psikolojik danışmanların öz bakım becerileri" kavramlarına ilişkin bakış açılarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada söylem analizi yöntemlerinden biri olan metafor analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 106 üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf psikolojik danışman adayı (86 kadın, 26 erkek) katılmıştır. İki cümleden oluşan kısa bir anket verilmiştir, psikolojik danışman adaylarının bu ifadeleri metaforlar kullanarak tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizi bulguları, ruh sağlığına ilişkin beş alt tema ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu alt temalar şu şekildedir: Sağlık ve denge, çeşitlilik ve bireysellik, zarafet ve hassasiyet, güç ve dayanıklılık, hareket ve değişim. Öz-bakım becerilerine ilişkin beş alt tema keşfedilmiştir. Bu alt temalar şu şekilde isimlendirilmiştir: İlgi ve dikkat, sanatsal anlayış ve çeşitlilik, zarafet ve hassasiyet, temizlik ve düzen, enerji ve yenilenme. Bulgular, psikolojik danışman adaylarının ruh sağlığı ve öz bakım becerileri kavramlarını çok geniş bir yelpazede ele aldıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Metaforların çeşitliliği, psikolojik danışman adaylarının bu kavramları çok yönlü ve kişisel olarak nasıl algıladıklarını ve değerlendirdiklerini göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • American Counseling Association [ACA]. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved 9.04.2024 from https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/ethics
  • American Counseling Association [ACA]. (2021). What do counselors do? Retrieved on 18.04.2024 from https://www.counseling.org
  • American Psychological Association. (2020). The importance of individual differences in mental health. APA.
  • American Psychological Association. (2021). American psychological association’s covıd-19 practitioner survey. Retrieved 14.05.2024 from https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/practitioner/covid-19-2021
  • Arnout, B. A., & Almoied, A. A. (2021). A structural model relating gratitude, resilience, psychological well‐being and creativity among psychological counsellors. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 470-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12316
  • Bakioğlu, A., & Asyalı, S. G. (2013). Rehber öğretmenlerin bulundukları kariyer evrelerine göre okul yönetimini algılayışlarının niteliksel olarak incelenmesi. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 21(21), 89-110.
  • Barnett, J. E., & Cooper, N. (2009). Creating a culture of self‐care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01138.x
  • Bierman, K. L., & Sanders, M. T. (2021). Teaching explicit social-emotional skills with contextual supports for students with intensive intervention needs. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 29(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426620957623
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28.
  • Dost, M. T. (2020). Okul psikolojik danişmanlarina göre ilkokullardaki rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin durumu ve sorunları/ The state and problems of psychological counseling and guidance services in primary schools according to school counselors. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 19(76), 1673-1690. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.715029
  • Dye, L., Burke, M. G., & Wolf, C. (2020). Teaching mindfulness for the self-care and well-being of counselors-in-training. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 15(2), 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2019.1642171
  • Erden, S. (2015). Awareness: The effect of group counseling on awareness and acceptance of self and others. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1465-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.776
  • Figley, C. R. (2020). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Routledge.
  • Finlay-Jones, A., Rees, C. S., & Kane, R. T. (2015). Self-compassion, emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists: Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling. PLoS One, 10(7), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133481.
  • Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Burton, C. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Coping flexibility, potentially traumatic life events, and resilience: A prospective study of college student adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(6), 542-567. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.542
  • Guler, D., & Ceyhan, E. (2021). Development of self-care behaviours in counsellors-in-training through an experiential self-care course: an action research. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 49(3), 414-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1740915
  • Herrman, H., Saxena, S., & Moodie, R. (Eds.). (2005). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. World Health Organization.
  • Hill, C. E. (2004). Helping skills: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action. American Psychological Association.
  • Hill, K., Wittkowski, A., Hodgkinson, E., Bell, R., & Hare, D. J. (2016). Using the repertory grid technique to examine trainee clinical psychologists' construal of their personal and professional development. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23(5), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1961.
  • Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2020). Perinatal mental health: A review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry, 19(3), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20769
  • James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies. Cengage Learning.
  • Jiang, X., Topps, A. K., & Suzuki, R. (2021). A systematic review of self-care measures for professionals and trainees. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 15(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000318
  • Kalay, Ü., & Mamacı, M. (2021). Psikolojik danışmanların duygusal emek stratejilerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi/ Investigation of the effects of psychological counselors' emotional labor strategies on burnout levels. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(43), 6662-6681. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.968874
  • Lakioti, A., Stalikas, A., & Pezirkianidis, C. (2020). The role of personal, professional, and psychological factors in therapists’ resilience. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 51(6), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000306
  • Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
  • Leung, T., Schmidt, F., & Mushquash, C. (2023). A personal history of trauma and experience of secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, and burnout in mental health workers: A systematic literature review. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 15(2), S213–S221. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001277
  • Lewis, O., Ohrt, J., Toomey, T. M., Linich, K., Wymer, B., & Newton, T. (2022). A systematic review of nature-based counseling interventions to promote mental health and wellness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 44(3), 191-208. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.44.3.01
  • Morse, G., Salyers, M. P., Rollins, A. L., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Pfahler, C. (2021). Burnout in mental health services: A review of the problem and its remediation. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 39, 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2021.1904315
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Burnout. In Fink, G. (Ed.). Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 351-357). Academic Press.
  • Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor Analysis in Psychology—Method, Theory, and Fields of Application. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.2.1090
  • Nelson, J. A., & Wines, L. A. (2023). Training school counselors in graduate programs to be mental health conscious. In Administrative leaders and school counselors (pp. 70-84). Routledge.
  • Norcross, J. C., & Guy, J. D. (2007). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care. Guilford Press.
  • Patnode, C. D., Redmond, N., Iacocca, M. O., & Henninger, M. (2022). Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Jama, 328(4), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.7408
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative study and evaluation methods. Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Pope, K. S., & Vasquez, M. J. T. (2016). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling: A practical guide. Wiley.
  • Posluns, K., & Gall, T. L. (2020). Dear mental health practitioners, take care of yourselves: A literature review on self-care. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 42(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09382-w
  • Rupert, P. A., Miller, A. O., Tuminello Hartman, E. R., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Predictors of career satisfaction among practicing psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029420.
  • Schmidt, J.J. (1996). Counseling in schools: Essential services and comprehensive programs. Needhem Heights.
  • Skovholt, T. M., & Trotter-Mathison, M. J. (2014). The resilient practitioner: Burnout prevention and self-care strategies for counselors, therapists, teachers, and health professionals. Routledge.
  • Smith, K. L. (2017). Self-care practices and the professional self. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 16(3-4), 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536710X.2017.1372236
  • Sözen, E. (2014). Söylem -belirsizlik, mübadele, bilgi/güç ve refleksitive. Birleşik Yayınevi.
  • Toporek, R. L., Lewis, J. A., & Crethar, H. C. (2009). Promoting systemic change through the ACA advocacy competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(3), 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2009.tb00105.x
  • Ültanır, E. (2005). Türkiye’de psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) mesleği ve psikolojik danışman eğitimi. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 1(1), 102-111.
  • Vlăduţ, C. I., & Kállay, É. (2010). Work stress, personal life, and burnout: Causes, consequences, possible remedies: A theoretical review. Cognition, Brain, Behaviour: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 261–280.
  • Wei, H., & Wei, T. L. (2020). The power of self-care: An ENERGY model to combat clinician burnout. American Nurse Journal, 15(10), 28-31.
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health: Strengthening our response. WHO.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikolojik Danışmanlık Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sebahat Sevgi Uygur 0000-0001-8848-8968

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Uygur, S. S. (2024). Unveiling the Perceptions of Counselor Candidates: Metaphorical Perspectives into Mental Health and Self-Care Skills. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 820-839. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1502779