Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River

Hülya Yıldırım; Necati Özok

doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

EN TR

Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn and hepatic metallothionein (MT) in muscle, liver, kidney and gills of Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla caught from the Murat River. The length and weight of the fish were measured. The physical and chemical properties of the river water were measured and compared with the tolerable limits of Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). The tissues to be analysed for heavy metals were prepared for the analyses using the wet incineration method in a closed system. The heavy metal content of the samples was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Differences in heavy metal accumulation of Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla in different tissues and different metal species were determined. The levels of Cr, Mn, Ni and Fe in the muscle tissues of Capoeta trutta were higher than the limits recommended for fish by the Turkish Food Codex (TGK), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Muscle Cr, Mn, Ni and Fe levels of Capoeta umbla were higher than the tolerable levels recommended by FAO and WHO. Heavy metals cannot be metabolised in tissues. They tend to accumulate. It has been observed that this accumulation varies in muscle, liver, kidney and gills according to organ structure, metabolic activity and defence mechanisms against toxic substances. MT, an indicator of tissue metal accumulation, was found to differ between Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla liver tissues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Capoeta trutta, Capoeta umbla, Heavy metal, Metallothionein, Murat River

Destekleyen Kurum

Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Proje Numarası

FYL-2020-9286

Etik Beyan

Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee's decision dated 28.11.2019 and numbered 2019/11

Murat Nehri'nde Yaşayan Bazı Balık Türlerinde Metallerin Biyoakümülasyonu ve Metallothionein Seviyeleri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Murat Nehri'nde yaşayan Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla balıklarının kas, karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaçlarındaki Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn ve karaciğer metallothionein (MT) seviyelerini belirlemektir. Balıkların boy ve ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Nehir suyunun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ölçülmüş ve Türk Standartları Enstitüsü'nün (TSE) tolere edilebilir limitleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ağır metal analizi yapılacak dokular kapalı sistem yaş yakma metodu kullanılarak analizlere hazır hale getirildi. Örneklerin ağır metal içeriği indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektroskopisi (ICP-OES) ile ölçülmüştür. Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla'nın farklı dokularında ve farklı metal türlerinde ağır metal birikimindeki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Capoeta trutta'nın kas dokularındaki Cr, Mn, Ni ve Fe seviyeleri, Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK), Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından balıklar için önerilen limitlerden daha yüksek ölçüldü. Capoeta umbla'nın kas Cr, Mn, Ni ve Fe seviyeleri FAO ve WHO tarafından önerilen tolere edilebilir seviyelerden daha yükse bulundu. Ağır metaller dokularda metabolize edilemezler. Birikme eğilimindedirler. Bu birikimin kas, karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaçlarda organ yapısı, metabolik aktivite ve toksik maddelere karşı savunma mekanizmalarına göre değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Dokulardaki metal birikiminin bir göstergesi olan MT seviyesi Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla karaciğer dokusunda farklı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metal, Capoeta trutta, Capoeta umbla, Metallothionein, Murat Nehri

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Ofisi tarafından FYL-2020-9286 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

FYL-2020-9286

Etik Beyan

Murat Nehri'nde yaşayan balıklarda ağır metal iyonlarının belirlenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu'nun 28.11.2019 tarih ve 2019/11 sayılı kararı

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hücre Metabolizması, Tatlı Su Ekolojisi, Sucul Toksikoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Hülya Yıldırım
0000-0003-1420-5085
Türkiye

Necati Özok ^*
0000-0002-6733-211X
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Şubat 2025

Kabul Tarihi

26 Mayıs 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA54AC52GW

APA

Yıldırım, H., & Özok, N. (2025). Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(2), 445-458. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

AMA

1.Yıldırım H, Özok N. Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River. YYUFBED. 2025;30(2):445-458. doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

Chicago

Yıldırım, Hülya, ve Necati Özok. 2025. “Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 (2): 445-58. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1641740.

EndNote

Yıldırım H, Özok N (01 Ağustos 2025) Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 2 445–458.

IEEE

[1]H. Yıldırım ve N. Özok, “Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River”, YYUFBED, c. 30, sy 2, ss. 445–458, Ağu. 2025, doi: 10.53433/yyufbed.1641740.

ISNAD

Yıldırım, Hülya - Özok, Necati. “Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30/2 (01 Ağustos 2025): 445-458. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1641740.

JAMA

1.Yıldırım H, Özok N. Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River. YYUFBED. 2025;30:445–458.

MLA

Yıldırım, Hülya, ve Necati Özok. “Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River”. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 30, sy 2, Ağustos 2025, ss. 445-58, doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1641740.

Vancouver

1.Hülya Yıldırım, Necati Özok. Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River. YYUFBED. 01 Ağustos 2025;30(2):445-58. doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River

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Etik Beyan

Murat Nehri'nde Yaşayan Bazı Balık Türlerinde Metallerin Biyoakümülasyonu ve Metallothionein Seviyeleri

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