Preconcentrations of Cd(II) and Cu(II) by solid phase extraction on thermophilic Bacillus firmus loaded Amberlite XAD-4 prior to their determinationsin food samples by ICP-OES

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 152 - 166, 30.12.2016

Sadin Özdemir

Öz

 

Abstract: It is well known that sensitivity of ICP-OES is not enough when ultra trace levels are concerned. From this perspective a new method was developed for the determinations of Cd(II) and Cu(II). It was based on the use of thermophilic Bacillus firmus loaded Amberlite XAD-4 as a biosorbent for solid phase extraction. The optimum pH, flow rate, eluent concentration and volume, amount of biomass and amount of Amberlit XAD-4 were found as 5.5, 3 mL min^-1, 5 mL of 1 mol L^-1 of HCl, 250 mg of biomass and 750 mg of Amberlite XAD-4, respectively for recovery of tested metal ions. Preconcentration factor was achieved as 35 for Cd and 50 for Cu. Resuability of the column were tested and same column could be used for 35 cycle. LODs were calculated as 0.09 and 0.08 ng mL^-1, respectively for Cd and Cu. RSDs were found as lower than 5.9%. The developed method was successfully applied to food samples to determine analyte concentrations.

 

Özet: Eser elemenler söz konusu olduğunda ICP-OES'in hassasiyetinin yeterli olmadığı iyi bilinmektedir. Bu bakımdan Cd(II) ve Cu(II)'nin belirlenmesi için yeni bir metod geliştirilmiştir. Amberlit XAD-4 üzerine tutturulmuş termofilik Bacillus firmus temel baz alınarak katı faz ekstraksiyon için biyosorbent olarak kullanılmıştır. Test edilen metal iyonlarının geri kazanımı için optimum pH, akış hızı, eluent konsantrasyonu ve hacmi, biyokütle miktarı ve Amberlit XAD-4 miktarı sırasıyla; 5.5, 3 ml dk^-1, 1 mol L^-1 5 mL HCl, 250 mg ve 750 mg olarak tespit edildi. Prekonsantrasyon faktörü Cd için 35 ve Cu için 50 olarak elde edildi. Kolonun geri kullanımı test edildi ve aynı kolon 35 defa kullanılabilir. LODs Cd ve Cu için sırasıyla  0.09 and 0.08 ng mL^-1 olarak hesaplandı. RSDs'nin %5.9'dan daha düşük olarak bulundu. Geliştirlen yöntem gıda örneklerindeki analit konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi için başarılı bir şekilde uygulandı.

 

Preconcentrations of Cd(II) And Cu(II) by Solid Phase Extraction on Thermophilic Bacillus firmus Loaded Amberlite XAD-4 Prior to Their Determinationsin Food Samples by ICP-OES

Öz

It is well known that sensitivity of ICP-OES is not enough when ultra trace levels are concerned. From this perspective a new method was developed for the determinations of Cd(II) and Cu(II). It was based on the use of thermophilic Bacillus firmus loaded Amberlite XAD-4 as a biosorbent for solid phase extraction. The optimum pH, flow rate, eluent concentration and volume, amount of biomass and amount of Amberlit XAD-4 were found as 5.5, 3 mL min^-1, 5 mL 1 mol L^-1 of HCl, 250 mg of biomass and 750 mg of Amberlite XAD-4, respectively for recovery of tested metal ions. Preconcentration factor was achieved as 35 for Cd(II) and 50 for Cu(II). Resuability of the column were tested and same column could be used for 35 cycle. LODs were calculated as 0.09 and 0.08 ng mL^-1, respectively for Cd(II) and Cu(II). RSDs were found as lower than 5.9%. The developed method was successfully applied to food samples to determine analyte concentrations.

Kaynakça

• Yahaya, Y. A., Don, M. M., and Bhatia, S. (2009). Biosorption of copper (II) onto immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 161, pp. 189–195.
• Bahar, S. and Karami, F. (2015). Amino functionalized Fe3O4–graphene oxide nanocomposite as magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent combined with ame atomic absorption spectrometry for copper analysis in food samples. Journal of Iran Chemical Society, Vol. 12, pp. 2213–2220.
• Behbahani, M., Salarian, M., Amini, M. M., Sadeghi, O., Bagheri, A. and Bagheri, S. (2013). Application of a new functionalized nanoporous silica for simultaneous trace separation and determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) in food and agricultural products. Food Analytical Methods,Vol 6, pp. 1320–1329.
• Dasbası, T., Sacmacı, S., Ulgen, A. and Kartal, S. (2015). A solid phase extraction procedure for the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in food and water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Food Chemistry, Vol. 174, pp. 591–596.
• Durduran, E., Altundag, H., Imamoglu, H., Yıldız, S. Z., and Tuzen, M. (2015). Simultaneous ICP-OES determination of trace metals in water and food samples after their preconcentration on silica gel functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldimine, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 27, pp. 245–250.
• Ezoddin, M., Majidi, B., Abdi and K., Lamei, N. (2015). Magnetic graphene-dispersive solid-phase extraction for preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium in dairy products and water samples. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 95, pp. 830–835.
• Fouladian, H.R. and Behbahani, M. (2015). Solid phase extraction of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in food, soil, and water samples based on 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol- functionalized organic–inorganic mesoporous material with the aid of experimental design methodology, Food Analytical Methods, Vol. 8, pp. 982–993.
• Gouda, A. A. (2014). Solid-phase extraction using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and quinalizarin for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of some heavy metals in food, water and environmental samples. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 94, pp. 1210–1222.
• Hassanpour, A., Hosseinzadeh-Khanmiri, R., Babazadeh, M., Abolhasani, J. and Ghorbani-Kalhor, E. (2015). Determination of heavy metal ions in vegetable samples using a magnetic metal–organic framework nanocomposite sorbent, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, Vol. 32, pp. 725–736.
• Hoque, M. I., Chowdhury, D. A., Holze, R., Chowdhury, A. N. and Azam, M. S. (2015). Modification of Amberlite XAD-4 resin with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene for solid phase extraction of copper, cadmium and lead, and its application to determination of these metals in dairy cow’s milk, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 831–842.
• Li, Z., Chang, X., Zou, X., Zhu, X., Nie, R., Hu, Z. and Li, R. (2009). Chemically-modified activated carbon with ethylenediamine for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of metal ions. Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 632, pp. 272–277.
• Losev, V. N., Buyko, O. V., Trofimchuk, A. T. and Zuy, O. N. (2015). Silica sequentially modified with polyhexamethylene guanidine and Arsenazo I for preconcentration and ICP–OES determination of metals in natural waters, Microchemical Journal, Vol, 123, pp. 84–89.
• Marahel, F., Ghaedi, M., Montazerozohori, M., Nejati, B. M., Nasiri, K. S. and Soylak, M. (2011). Solid-phase extraction and determination of trace amount of some metal ions on Duolite XAD 761 modified with a new Schiff base as chelating agent in some food samples, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 49, pp. 208–214.
• Mashitah, M. D., Yus A. Y. and Bhatia, S. (2008). Biosorption of cadmium (II) ions by immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus from aqueous solution, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 4742–4748.
• Mirabi, A., Dalirandeh, Z. and Rad, A. S. (2015). Preparation of modified magnetic nanoparticles as a sorbent for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions in food and environmental water samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 381, pp. 138–144.
• Ozdemir, S., Gul-Guven, R., Kilinc, E., Dogru, M. and Erdogan, S. (2010). Preconcentration of cadmium and nickel using the bioadsorbent Geobacillus thermoleovorans subsp. stromboliensis immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4, Microchimica Acta, Vol. 169, pp. 79–85.
• Ozdemir, S., Okumus V., Kilinc, E., Bilgetekin, H., Dundar, A. and Ziyadanogulları, B., (2012). Pleurotus eryngii immobilized Amberlite XAD-16 as a solid-phase biosorbent for preconcentrations of Cd2+ and Co2+ and their determination by ICP–OES. Talanta, Vol. 99, pp. 502–506.
• Ozdemir, S. and Kilinc, E. (2012). Geobacillus thermoleovorans immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 resin as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of uranium(VI) prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Microchimica Acta, Vol. 178, pp. 389–397.
• Ozdemir, S., Okumus, V., Dundar, A. and Kilinc, E. (2013a). A review on preconcentration of metal ions by bacteria, Microchimica Acta, Vol. 180, pp. 719-739.
• Ozdemir, S., Kilinc, E., Poli A. and Nicolaus B. (2013b) Biosorption of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+) by thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus thermantarcticus and Anoxybacillus amylolyticus: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Bioremed. J. 17, 86-96.
• Ozdemir, S., Kilinc, E., Okumus, V., Poli, A., Nicolaus, B. and Romano, I. (2016), Thermophilic Geobacillus galactosidasius sp nov. loaded γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticle for the preconcentrations of Pb and Cd. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 201, pp. 269-275.
• Samadi, A. and Amjadi, M. (2015). Magnetic Fe3O4@C nanoparticles modified with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol as a novel solid-phase extraction sorbent for preconcentration of copper (II), Microchimica Acta, Vol. 182, pp. 257–264.
• Soylak, M. and Topalaki, Z. (2015). Enrichment-separation and determinations of cadmium(II) and lead(II)-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5- thiol chelates on Diaion SP-207 by solid phase extraction-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8, pp. 720–725.
• Tu, Z., He, Q., Chang, X., Hu, Z., Gao, R., Zhang, L. and Li, Z. (2009). 1-(2-Formamidoethyl)-3-phenylurea functionalized activated carbon forselective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of metal ions, Analytical Chimica Acta, Vol. 649, pp. 252–257.
• Tuzen, M., Saygi, K.O. and Soylak, M. (2008). Solid phase extraction of heavy metal ions in environmental samples on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 152, pp. 632–639.
• Vijayaraghavan, K. and Yun, Y.S. (2008). Polysulfone-immobilized Corynebacterium glutamicum: A biosorbent for reactive black 5 from aqueous solution in an up-flow packed column. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 145, pp. 44–49.
• Yahaya, Y. A. and Don, M. M. (2014). Pycnoporus sanguineus as potential biosorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution: a review. Journal of Physics Science, Vol. 25, pp. 1–32.
• Yilmaz, E. and Soylak, M. (2014). Solid phase extraction of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn in environmental samples on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 186, pp. 5461–5468.
• Ziaei, E., Mehdinia, A. and Jabbari, A., (2014). A novel hierarchical nanobiocomposite of graphene oxide–magnetic chitosan grafted with mercapto as a solid phase extraction sorbent for the determination of mercury ions in environmental water samples, Analytical Chimica Acta, Vol. 850, pp. 49–56.
• Zhang, J. (2013). Preparation, characterization and application of thiosemicarbazide grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for solid-phase extraction of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in environmental samples, Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 25, pp. 2331–2337.