Öz
Kontrol
edilmesi güç çiftleşme davranışı ve spermaların ana arı sperm kesesinde
depolanması gibi bir çok özellik koloni halinde yaşayan bal arılarını diğer
çiftlik hayvanlarından ayırmaktadır. Güçlü sosyal yapı içerisinde, temel
ifadeyle binlerce işçi arı, mevsime bağlı olarak değişen yüzlerce erkek arı ve
koloninin ebeveynini olarak değerlendirilen bir adet ana arı bulunur. Ana
arının yumurtlayan tek birey olması nedeniyle yetiştiriciliğine yönelik
çalışmalar gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte erkek arıların önemi
ve yetiştiriciliği göz ardı edilmektedir. Oysa ana arılar ile çiftleşen erkek
arıların sahip olduğu özellikler koloni verimini doğrudan etkilemektedir.
Ayrıca erkek arıların üretim sezonunun ana arılara oranla daha kısa olasına
bağlı olarak , ana arı yetiştiriciliği için sınırlayıcı faktör erkek arı
varlığıdır. Çiftleşme mevsiminde yeteri kadar ve kaliteli erkek sağlanamaması
sperm depolamada olumsuzluklara neden olacak, ana arının yaşam süresini kısalacak
ve koloni verimliliği düşecektir. Bu nedenle istenilen özelliklere sahip güçlü
erkek arı yetiştirme kolonilerinin oluşturulması ve bu kolonilerin ön görülen
dönemlerde beslenmeleri gibi konuları da içeren erkek arı yetiştirme
programları geliştirilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Amiri, E., Strand, M.K., Rueppell, O., Trapy, D.R., 2017. Queen Quality and the Impact of Honey Bee Diseases on Queen Health: Potential for Interactions between Two Major Threats to Colony Health. Insects, (8),88: 2-18. Andrew, B. B., Oldryd, B. P., Ratnieks, F. L. W., 2001. Worker reproduction in honey-bees (Apis) and the anarchic syndrome: a review. Behav. Ecol. Sociobol, 50: 199-208. Anonim, 2017. "The Colony and Its Organization." MAAREC - Mid Atlantic Apiculture & Extension Consortium. https://agdev.anr.udel.edu/maarec/honey-bee-biology/the-colony-and-its-organization/ (12.04.2017). Cobey, S., Lawrence, T.,1988. Commercial application and practical use of the Page-Laidlaw closed population breeding program. American Bee Journal, 128, 341–344. Cobey, S.W., 2007. Comparison studies of instrumentally inseminated and naturally mated honey bee queens and factors affecting their performance. Apidologie, 38: 390–410. Crewe, R. M., Velthuis, H. H. W., 1988. False queens: a consequence of mandibular gland signals in worker honeybees. Naturwissenschaften, 67:467-469. Czekonska, K., Chuda-Mickiewicz, B., Chorbinski, P., 2013. The influence of honey bee (Apis mellifera) drone age on volume of semen and viability of spermatozoa. J. Apic. Sci. 57, 61–66. Gempe, T., Hasselmann, M., Schiott, M., Hause, G., Otte ,M. and Beye, M., 2009. Sex determination in honeybees: two separate mechanisms induce and maintain the female pathway. PLoS Biol. 7 (10):e1000222. Genç, F., Dodoloğlu, A., 2002. Arıcılığın temel esasları. Atatürk Üniv. Zir. Fak Yay. No: 166, Atatürk Üniv. Basımevi, Erzurum. Gerula, D., Węgrzynowicz, P., Panasiuk, B., Bieńkowska,M., Skowronek; W., 2016. Productivity and longevity of honey bee queens inseminated with freshly collected and diluted semen. Journal of Apicultural Research 55:2, 130-136. Gupta P, Conrad T, Spötter A, Reinsch N and Bienefeld K., 2012. Simulating a base population in honey bee for molecular genetic studies. Genetics Selection and Evolution, 44(1):14. Güler, A., 2008. Erkek arı yetiştiriciliği ve balarısı (Apis mellifera L.) kolonileri için önemi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 8 (3): 106–111. Kaya, F., 2008. Ağrı İlinde arıcılık yapısı ve Değerlendirme raporu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12 (2): 35-55. Koeniger, G., 2005. The neglected gender - males in bees. Apidologie, 36(2): p. 143-143. Laidlaw, H H, 1979. Contemporary queen rearing. Dadant and Sons Inc., Journal Printing Co., Carthaga, Illinois, USA. Lee, P.C., 1985. Reproduction and growth of temperate-evolved honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.). M. Sc. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. Moore, P. A., Wilson, M. E., Skinner, J. A., 2015. Honey bee gueens: Evaluating the most important colony member. eXtension BeeHealth CoP refereed extension review. Moritz, R. F. A., 1984. The effect of different diluents insemination success in the honey bee using mixed semen. Journal of Apicultural Research, 23, 164–167. Rangel, J.; Keller, J.J.; Tarpy, D.R., 2013. The effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen reproductive potential on colony growth. Insect Soc., 60: 65–73. Ruttner, F, 1972. Controlled mating and selection of the honey bee. APIMONDIA, 1972, Lunz Am See, Austria. Ruttner, F, 1988. Breeding Techniques and Selection for Breeding of the Honeybee. The British Isles Bee Breeders Association. Verlag, Munich. 152 pp. Schlüns, H., Schlüns, E. A., Van Praagh, J., Moritz, R., 2003. Sperm numbers in drone honeybees (Apis mellifera) depend on body size. Apidologie, 34:577-584. Seeley, T. D., 1978. Life history strategy of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Oecologia, 32, 109–118. Seeley, T.D., Mikheyev, A. S., 2003. Reproductive decisions by honey bee colonies: tuning investment in male production in relation to success in energy acquisition. Insectes Soc 50: 134–138. Suwannapong, G., Benbow, M. E., James C. Nieh, J. C., 2011. Biology of Thai Honeybees: Natural Hsitory and Threats. Biology, Threats and Colonies, 1-98. Winston, M.L., 1987. The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press: London, UK. Woyke, J., 1962. Natural and artificial insemination of queen honeybees. Bee World, 43: 21-25. Woyke, J, Skowronek, W., 1974. Spermatogenesis in diploid drones of the honeybee. Journal of Apicultural Research 13:183–190.
Öz
Several features, such as difficult to control mating behavior and the storage of sperms in spermatheca, distinguish the honey bee colonies from other livestock. Within their strong social structure, basically, there thousands of worker bees, hundreds of drones depending on the season, and one single queen bee regarded as the parent of the colony. Since the queen bee is the only individual that can normally lay eggs in the colony, studies on queen breeding are becoming increasingly significant. However, at the same time, the significance and breeding of drones are ignored. In fact, the characteristics of the drones that mate with the queen directly affect the colony productivity. Furthermore, due to the fact that drones have a limited breeding season when compared to the queen bees, the limiting factor in beekeeping is the presence of drones. The lack of adequate number of quality drones in the mating season results in low seminal stock, shortens the life span of the queen bee and reduces the colony. Thus, drone breeding programs should be developed, which include the establishment of strong drone breeding colonies with the desired characteristics and feeding of these colonies during the predetermined periods.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Amiri, E., Strand, M.K., Rueppell, O., Trapy, D.R., 2017. Queen Quality and the Impact of Honey Bee Diseases on Queen Health: Potential for Interactions between Two Major Threats to Colony Health. Insects, (8),88: 2-18. Andrew, B. B., Oldryd, B. P., Ratnieks, F. L. W., 2001. Worker reproduction in honey-bees (Apis) and the anarchic syndrome: a review. Behav. Ecol. Sociobol, 50: 199-208. Anonim, 2017. "The Colony and Its Organization." MAAREC - Mid Atlantic Apiculture & Extension Consortium. https://agdev.anr.udel.edu/maarec/honey-bee-biology/the-colony-and-its-organization/ (12.04.2017). Cobey, S., Lawrence, T.,1988. Commercial application and practical use of the Page-Laidlaw closed population breeding program. American Bee Journal, 128, 341–344. Cobey, S.W., 2007. Comparison studies of instrumentally inseminated and naturally mated honey bee queens and factors affecting their performance. Apidologie, 38: 390–410. Crewe, R. M., Velthuis, H. H. W., 1988. False queens: a consequence of mandibular gland signals in worker honeybees. Naturwissenschaften, 67:467-469. Czekonska, K., Chuda-Mickiewicz, B., Chorbinski, P., 2013. The influence of honey bee (Apis mellifera) drone age on volume of semen and viability of spermatozoa. J. Apic. Sci. 57, 61–66. Gempe, T., Hasselmann, M., Schiott, M., Hause, G., Otte ,M. and Beye, M., 2009. Sex determination in honeybees: two separate mechanisms induce and maintain the female pathway. PLoS Biol. 7 (10):e1000222. Genç, F., Dodoloğlu, A., 2002. Arıcılığın temel esasları. Atatürk Üniv. Zir. Fak Yay. No: 166, Atatürk Üniv. Basımevi, Erzurum. Gerula, D., Węgrzynowicz, P., Panasiuk, B., Bieńkowska,M., Skowronek; W., 2016. Productivity and longevity of honey bee queens inseminated with freshly collected and diluted semen. Journal of Apicultural Research 55:2, 130-136. Gupta P, Conrad T, Spötter A, Reinsch N and Bienefeld K., 2012. Simulating a base population in honey bee for molecular genetic studies. Genetics Selection and Evolution, 44(1):14. Güler, A., 2008. Erkek arı yetiştiriciliği ve balarısı (Apis mellifera L.) kolonileri için önemi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 8 (3): 106–111. Kaya, F., 2008. Ağrı İlinde arıcılık yapısı ve Değerlendirme raporu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12 (2): 35-55. Koeniger, G., 2005. The neglected gender - males in bees. Apidologie, 36(2): p. 143-143. Laidlaw, H H, 1979. Contemporary queen rearing. Dadant and Sons Inc., Journal Printing Co., Carthaga, Illinois, USA. Lee, P.C., 1985. Reproduction and growth of temperate-evolved honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.). M. Sc. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. Moore, P. A., Wilson, M. E., Skinner, J. A., 2015. Honey bee gueens: Evaluating the most important colony member. eXtension BeeHealth CoP refereed extension review. Moritz, R. F. A., 1984. The effect of different diluents insemination success in the honey bee using mixed semen. Journal of Apicultural Research, 23, 164–167. Rangel, J.; Keller, J.J.; Tarpy, D.R., 2013. The effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen reproductive potential on colony growth. Insect Soc., 60: 65–73. Ruttner, F, 1972. Controlled mating and selection of the honey bee. APIMONDIA, 1972, Lunz Am See, Austria. Ruttner, F, 1988. Breeding Techniques and Selection for Breeding of the Honeybee. The British Isles Bee Breeders Association. Verlag, Munich. 152 pp. Schlüns, H., Schlüns, E. A., Van Praagh, J., Moritz, R., 2003. Sperm numbers in drone honeybees (Apis mellifera) depend on body size. Apidologie, 34:577-584. Seeley, T. D., 1978. Life history strategy of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Oecologia, 32, 109–118. Seeley, T.D., Mikheyev, A. S., 2003. Reproductive decisions by honey bee colonies: tuning investment in male production in relation to success in energy acquisition. Insectes Soc 50: 134–138. Suwannapong, G., Benbow, M. E., James C. Nieh, J. C., 2011. Biology of Thai Honeybees: Natural Hsitory and Threats. Biology, Threats and Colonies, 1-98. Winston, M.L., 1987. The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press: London, UK. Woyke, J., 1962. Natural and artificial insemination of queen honeybees. Bee World, 43: 21-25. Woyke, J, Skowronek, W., 1974. Spermatogenesis in diploid drones of the honeybee. Journal of Apicultural Research 13:183–190.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Haziran 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Mayıs 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 |
