Abiyotik ve Biyotik Stres Şartlarında Silisyumun Rolü

Yıl 2017, , 657 - 664, 26.12.2017

Ayhan Horuz , Güney Akınoğlu , Ahmet Akorkmaz

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.309632

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmada bitkilerin
olumsuz çevresel faktörler karşısında (abiyotik ve biyotik) geliştirdiği
mekanizmalarda silisyumun rolü incelenmiştir. Silisyum bitkiler tarafından
aktif veya pasif absorbsiyonla Si(OH)₄ anyonu şeklinde alınmaktadır.
Abiyotik stres şartlarında kök, yaprak veya kavuzda biriken Si silis asidi
şeklinde polimerize olmak suretiyle transpirasyonu azaltarak su stresini
önlemektedir. Toprak çözeltisinde Si ile Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb vs kompleksleri
oluşturarak olası ağır metal toksitesini azaltır. Hücre duvarının kalınlığını
artırmak suretiyle gövdenin dayanıklılığını artırır. Ayrıca etileni (C₂H₄)
uyarmak suretiyle yaprakların süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesini (SDA) artırarak
hücrede lipidlerin peroksidasyonuna sebep olan reaktif oksijen türlerini (H₂O₂,¹O₂ ve O₃) baskılamaktadır. Biyotik
streslerde sitinas, peroksidaz, polipenoksidas aktivasyonunu uyarmakta veya
hızlandırmaktadır. Özellikle fitopatolojik hastalıklarda veya entomolojik
zararlanma durumlarında Si dikotiledon ve monokotiledon bitkilerde flavonoidler
ve anti fungal özelliklere sahip olan düşük molekül ağırlıklı bileşikler
oluşturarak bu zararları azaltabilmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silisyum, Stres şartları, Abiyotik, Biyotik

The Role of Silicon in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Conditions

Öz

In this study, the role of silicon (Si) in the
mechanisms developed by plants in response to adverse environmental factors
(abiotic and biotic) was investigated. Silicon is taken up in the form of the anion Si(OH)₄ with active or passive
absorption by plants. Si accumulating in roots, leaves or husk under abiotic
stress conditions prevents water stress 
by reducing transpiration by means of polymerizing in the form of
silicic acid. Generating Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb etc complexes in the soil solution
with silicon reduces the potential heavy metal toxicity. The silicon increases
the strength and rigidity of the plant stem increasing the thickness of the
cell wall. It also suppresses reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂,¹O₂ and O₃) which cause peroxidation of
lipids in the cell by increasing the superoxide dismutase activity (SDA) of the
leaves inducing ethylene (C₂H₄). It stimulates or
accelerates the activation of sitinase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase under
biotic stress conditions. Especially in the case of phytopathological diseases
or entomological damages, silicon can reduce these damages forming low
molecular weight compounds having flavonoids and antifungal properties in
dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abiotic, Biotic, Silicon, Stress condition

Kaynakça

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