Effect of Different Pipe Wall Thicknesses on Flow Rate of Cylindrical Type Integrated Emitters Used in Drip Irrigation Pipes
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different pipe wall thickness on the flow rate of cylindrical type integrated emitters used in drip irrigation pipes.
Material and Methods: Cylindrical in-line integrated type, non-pressure compensated two drip emitters were considered within the scope of this work. The drip emitters (E1 and E2) manufactured by two different companies were integrated in 1.1, 0.9 and 0.6 mm wall thickness pipes. The emitter flow rate measurements were carried out at five different pressure levels for all drip irrigation pipes.
Results: The operating pressure and flow rate relationships for the emitters and drip irrigation pipes at each pipe wall thickness were also determined. In general, it was also observed that when the wall thickness decreased sequentially from 1.1 mm and 0.9 to 0.6 mm, average emitter flow rate increased about 30% based on the brand of the emitter as well as on pressure. The variation of emitters flow rate based on the wall thickness at the nominal pressure of 100 kPa was analyzed statistically. Based on the results, these variations were found statistically significant (P<0.05) for all drip irrigation pipes equipped with E1 and E2 type emitters.
Conclusion: The results of the study clearly showed that these wall thickness changes caused significant changes in emitter flow rates.
Keywords
Drip irrigation,in-line drip emitter,pressure-discharge relationship
Kaynakça
- Anyoji, H. and I.P. Wu. 1987. Statistical approach for drip lateral design. Transactions of the ASAE, 30(1): 187-192.
- Autovino, D,, G. Provenzano, J. Monserrat, L. Cots and J. Barragan. 2016. Determining optimal seasonal irrigation depth based on field irrigation uniformity and economic evaluations: Application for onion crop. J Irrig Drain Eng ASCE, 142(10): 04016037/1-9.
- Baiamonte, G., G. Provenzano and G. Rallo. 2015. Analytical approach determining the optimal length of paired drip laterals in uniformly sloped fields. J Irrig Drain Eng ASCE, 141(1): 04014042/1-8.
- Bralts, V.F. 1986. Operational principles-field performance and evaluation. In: Nakayama FS, Bucks DA, editors. Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., P.O.Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherland.
- Bralts, V.F. and I.P. Wu. 1979. Emitter flow variation and uniformity for drip irrigation. ASAE Paper, St Joseph, MI, USA.
- Bralts, V.F., I.P. Wu and H.M. Gitlin. 1981. Manufacturing variation and drip irrigation uniformity. Transactions of the ASAE, 24(1): 113-119.
- Christiansen, J.E. 1942. Irrigation by Sprinkling. Bulletin 670:124. College of Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
- Demir, V. 1991. Türkiye'de kullanımı yaygın olan damla sulama boruları ve damlatıcılarının işletme karakteristikleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Demir, V. ve H. Yürdem. 2000. Türkiye’de üretilen ve yaygın olarak kullanılan farklı yapım özelliklerine sahip damlatıcıların teknik özellikleri ve yapım farklılıkları. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37: 85-92.
- Demir, V., H. Yurdem and A. Degirmencioglu. 2007. Development of prediction models for friction losses in drip irrigation laterals equipped with integrated in-line and on-line emitters using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 96(4): 617-631.
