N-Fikser İçeren Biyolojik Gübrenin Akdeniz İklimi Koşullarında Mikrobiyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Toprak Özellikleri ile Mısır Verimine Etkisi

Sevde Ayyıldız; Hüseyin Hüsnü Kayıkçıoğlu

doi:10.20289/zfdergi.559383

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N-Fikser İçeren Biyolojik Gübrenin Akdeniz İklimi Koşullarında Mikrobiyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Toprak Özellikleri ile Mısır Verimine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada topraklara, havanın serbest azotunu (N₂) bağlama yeteneğine sahip organizmalardan oluşan (Azospirillum sp., Azorhizobium sp. ve Azoarcus sp.) ticari bir preparatın, Akdeniz iklimi etkisi altında bulunan Typic Xerofluvent özellikteki toprakta etkinlik potansiyelleri ile mevcut biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Biyolojik gübre uygulamalı ve uygulamasız parsellere (0-0.5 g ha^-1; BG₀-BG₁), 3 doz kimyasal azotlu gübre (0-125-250 kg N ha^-1; N₀-N₁-N₂) uygulamalarının, toprağın mikrobiyolojik (mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu, MBC; toprak solunumu, BSR; azot mineralizasyonu, N_min; genel bakteri sayısı, GB, Azospirillum sp. sayısı, AZO) ve biyokimyasal aktivitesine (dehidrogenaz, DHG; proteaz, PRO, üreaz, UA) ve test bitkisi olarak yetiştirilen mısır bitkisinin (Zea mays var. indentata) verim ve azot içeriğine olan etkileri faktöriyel bazda incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Biyolojik gübre uygulamasıyla topraklarda incelenen mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerden MBC, DHG ve AZO parametreleri önemli düzeyde pozitif olarak etkilenirken (P<0.05); BSR, N_min ve GB parametrelerinde de artış saptanmış ancak istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Buna karşılık hidrolazlar grubundan olan ve topraklarda N-döngüsünde yer alan iki enzimin aktivitesinde bir azalma saptanmasına karşın bu azalış da istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). NO₃-N ile AZO arasında ortaya çıkan negatif korelasyon (-0.468**), azotlu gübrelemede Azospirillum sp. ile NH₄-N’u içeren gübrelerin kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağını göstermektedir. Biyolojik gübre uygulamalarına bağlı olarak mısır bitkisinin verimi % 24 – 69 oranında, azot içeriği ise % 3 – 11 oranında artış göstermiştir. Bu parametreleri en fazla uyaran uygulama ise N₁BG₁ uygulaması olmuştur.

Sonuç: Deneme sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, hem toprak sağlığının sürdürülebilirliğini ve hem de bitkisel üretimi desteklemek amacıyla 0.5 g ha^-1 dozunda biyolojik gübre ile 125 kg N ha^-1 azot dozunun birlikte kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyal biyokütle-C,toprak enzimleri,toprak sağlığı,biyolojik azot fiksasyonu,kimyasal N-gübre

The Effect of Biological Fertilizer Containing N-Fixer on Microbiological and Biochemical Soil Characteristics and Maize Yield under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of potential and the effects on current biological properties in soil with Typical xerofluvent properties under Mediterranean climatic conditions of an imported commercial preparation of organisms (Azospirillum sp., Azorhizobium sp. and Azoarcus sp.) which have the ability to bind free nitrogen from the air (N2) by carrying out asymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Material and Methods: Three different doses of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (0-125-250 kg N ha-1; N0-N1-N2) were applied to plots with and without biological fertilizer (0-0.5 g ha-1; BG0-BG1), and the effects of these treatments on soil microbiological activity (microbial biomass carbon – MBC, basal soil respiration – BSR, N-mineralization – Nmin, number of general bacteria – GB, number of Azospirillum sp. – AZO) and biochemical activity (dehydrogenase – DHG, protease – PRO, urease – UA), and the yield and nitrogen content of the test plant (Zea mays var. indentata) were investigated on a factorial basis.

Results: Biofertilization had a significant positive effect on the microbiological and biochemical parameters MBC, DHG and AZO (P<0.05) examined in the soil; increases were seen in the parameters BSR, Nmin and GB, but these were found not to be significant (P>0.05). Also, although a reduction was seen in the activity of two enzymes of the hydrolase group which take part in the nitrogen cycle in the soil, this reduction was found not to be significant (P>0.05). However, the negative correlation found between NO3-N and AZO (-0.468**) shows that the use of fertilizers containing Azospirillum sp. and NH4-N would be more suitable. In the maize plants, yield showed an increase of 24-69% with the application of biofertilizer, and nitrogen content increased by 3-11%. The application affecting these parameters the most was the N1BG1 application.

Conclusion: Evaluating the results of the experiment, it is recommended that biological fertilizer at a dose of 0.5 g ha-1 together with nitrogen at a dose of 125 kg N ha-1 should be used on Typic xerofluvent soils in order to both maintain soil health and support crop yield.

Keywords

Microbial biomass-C,soil enzymes,soil health,biological nitrogen fixation,chemical N-fertilizer

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Mühendislik

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Sevde Ayyıldız Bu kişi benim
0000-0002-3847-3220
Türkiye

Hüseyin Hüsnü Kayıkçıoğlu ^*
0000-0003-0895-221X
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2019

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Nisan 2019

Kabul Tarihi

5 Ağustos 2019

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2019 Cilt: 56 Sayı: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.559383

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74CX45XD

APA

Ayyıldız, S., & Kayıkçıoğlu, H. H. (2019). N-Fikser İçeren Biyolojik Gübrenin Akdeniz İklimi Koşullarında Mikrobiyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Toprak Özellikleri ile Mısır Verimine Etkisi. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 56(4), 505-521. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.559383