Effects of Hatching Supplement (Hydrated Nutritional Supplement) with Symbiotic Usage on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Immune System and Slaughter Traits in Broiler Production

Yıl 2020, , 479 - 491, 30.12.2020

Hilal Yazar Güneş Zümrüt Açıkgöz

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.644058

Öz

Objective: In this study, it was investigated the effects of hatching supplement (hydrated nutritional supplement) with symbiotic (HSS) application in the first 24 or 48 h periods of hatched broiler chicks on performance, slaughter traits, nutrient digestibility and immune system.
Materials and Methods: A total of 64 day old male and female broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used. The chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (8 males+8 females/group). These are as follows; Group 1: chicks were not given diet and drinking water for the first 24 hours, Group 2: chicks were fed only HSS for the first 24 hours, Group 3: chicks were not given diet and drinking water for the first 48 hours and Group 4: chicks were fed only HSS for the first 48 hours.
Results: HSS application did not affect slaughter body weight, feed intake and feed conversation ratio. As the fasting time was prolonged, abdominal fat quantitiy and relative weight decreased, but HSS administration did not affect these traits. In the groups (2 and 4) used HSS for the first 24 and 48 hours, the relative weights of gizzard and proventriculus increased, respectively. Group 1 without HSS for the first 24 hours had better organic matter and crude protein retention than other experimental groups. Serum IgA levels significantly increased in groups (1 and 2) whithout and with HSS for the first 24 hours. Serum IgM levels significantly rised in Grups 3 fed HSS in the first 48 hours.
Conclusion: HSS application positively affected the develeopments of proventriculus and gizzard.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Broiler, hatching supplement, symbiotic, performance, slaughter traits, immune system

Etlik Piliç Üretiminde Simbiyotik İlaveli Civciv Maması (Sulandırılmış Besin Takviyesi) Kullanımının Performans, Besin Madde Sindirilebilirliği, Bağışıklık Sistemi ve Kesim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kuluçkadan çıkan civcivlere ilk 24 veya 48 saatlik periyotta simbiyotik ilaveli civciv maması (SCM) (sulandırılmış besin takviyesi) uygulamasının performans, kesim özellikleri, besin madde sindirilebilirliği ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Toplam 64 adet günlük erkek ve dişi etlik civciv (Ross 308) kullanılmıştır. Civcivler rastgele 4 deneme grubuna (8 erkek+8 dişi/grup) ayrılmıştır. Bunlar; Grup 1: ilk 24 saat civcivlere yem ve içme suyu verilmemiştir, Grup 2: ilk 24 saat civcivler yalnızca SCM ile beslenmiştir, Grup 3: ilk 48 saat civcivlere yem ve içme suyu verilmemiştir ve Grup 4: ilk 48 saat civcivler yalnızca SCM ile beslenmiştir.
Bulgular: SCM uygulaması kesim canlı ağırlığı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranını etkilememiştir. Açlık süresi uzadığında karın içi yağı miktarı ve nispi ağırlığı azalmıştır, ancak SCM uygulaması bu özellikleri etkilememiştir. İlk 24 ve 48 saat SCM kullanılan gruplarda (2 ve 4) sırasıyla taşlık ve bezel mide nispi ağırlıkları artmıştır. İlk 24 saat SCM kullanılmayan Grup 1, diğer deneme gruplarına göre organik maddelerden ve ham proteinden daha iyi yararlanmıştır. Serum IgA seviyesi ilk 24 saat SCM kullanılmayan ve kullanılan gruplarda (1 ve 2) önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Serum IgM seviyesi ilk 48 saat SCM ile beslenen Grup 3’de yükselmiştir.
Sonuç: SCM uygulaması bezel mide ve taşlık gelişimlerini olumlu etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Etlik piliç, civciv maması, simbiyotik, performans, kesim özellikleri, bağışıklık sistemi

Kaynakça

• KAYNAKLARAbdel-Hafeez, H.M., E.S.E. Saleh, S.S. Tawfeek, I.M.I. Youssef and A.S.A. Abdel-Daim. 2017. Effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic with and without feed restriction on performance, hematological indices and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(5): 672-682.
• Abdel-Raheem, S.M., S.M.S. Abd-Allah and K.M.A. Hassanein. 2012. The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbial ecology and histomorphology of broiler chickens. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 6:277-289.
• Abed, F., A. Karimi, G.H. Sadeghi, M. Shivazad, S. Dashti and A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi. 2011. Do broiler chicks possess enough growth potential to compensate long-term feed and water depravation during the neonatal period? South African Journal of Animal Science, 41(1):33-39.
• Altan, Ö. 2018. Tavukçulukta Kuluçka ve Üreme Biyolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, No:172/134 Kampüsiçi Bornova/İZMİR, ISBN: 978-605-84400-1-2.
• Anonim, 2004, Metabolik Enerji Tayini, Resmi Gazete, Ankara, 02.09.2004, 25571:26.
• AOAC International. 2006. AOAC International Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Microbiological and Chemical Analyses of Food and Pharmaceuticals: An Aid to Interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025: 2005. AOAC international.
• Bach Knudsen, K. E. 2001. The nutritional significance of “dietary fibre” analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 90(1-2):3-20.
• Batal, A. and C. Parsons. 2002. Effect of fasting versus feeding oasis after hatching on nutrient utilization in chicks. Poultry Science, 81:853-859.
• Biggs, P., C.M. Parsons and G.C. Fahey. 2007. The Effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science, 86:2327-2336.
• Bigot, K. S. Mignon-Grasteau, M. Picard and S. Tesseraud. 2003. Effect of delayed feed intake on body, intestive and muscle development in neonate broilers. Poultry Science, 82:781-788.
• Biloni, A., C.F. Quintana, A. Menconi, G. Kallapura, J. Latorre, C. Pixley, S. Layton, M. Dalmagro, X. Hernandez-Velasco, A. Wolfenden, B.M. Hargis and G. Tellez G. 2013. Evaluation of effects of EarlyBird associated with FloraMax-B11on Salmonella Enteritidis, intestinal morphology, and performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92:2337-2346.
• Bogucka, J., A. Dankowiakowska, G. Elminowska-Wenda, A. Sobolewska, A. Szczerba and M. Bednarczyk M. 2016. Effects of prebiotics and synbiotics delivered in ovo on broiler small intestine histomorphology during the first days after hatching. Folia Biologica (Kraków), 64:131-43.
• Dibner, J., C. Knight, M. Kitchell, C. Atwell, A. Downs and F. Ivey. 1998. Early feeding and development of the immune system in neonatal poultry. Journal Applied Animal Research, 7:425-436.
• El-Husseiny, O.M., S. Abou El Wafa and H.M.A. El-Komy. 2008. Influence of fasting or early feeding on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7:263-271.
• Fathi, M.M., T.A. Ebeid, I. Al-Homidan, N.K. Soliman and O.K. Abou-Emera. 2017. Influence of probiotic supplementation on immune response in broilers raised under hot climate. British Poultry Science, 58(5):512-516.
• Gonzales, E., N. Kondo, E.S. Saldanha, M.M. Loddy, C. Careghi and E. Decuypere. 2003. Performance and physiological parameters of broiler chickens subjected to fasting on the neonatal period. Poultry Science, 82(8):1250-1256.
• González-Alvarado, J.M., E. Jiménez-Moreno, R. Lázaro and G.G. Mateos. 2007. Effect of type of cereal, heat Processing of the cereal, and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive Traits of broilers. Poultry Science, 86(8):1705-1715.
• González-Alvarado, J.M., E. Jiménez-Moreno, D.G. Valencia, R. Lázaro and G.G. Mateos, 2008. Effects of fiber source and heat processing of the cereal on the developmentand pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice. Poult. Sci. 87(9):1779-1795.
• Hager, J.E. and W.L. Beane. 1983. Posthatch incubation time and early growth of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 62:247-254.
• Henderson, S.N., J.L. Vicente, C.M. Pixley, B.M. Hargis and G. Tellez. 2008. Effect of an early nutritional supplement on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7:211-214.
• Hetland, H., B. Svihus and M. Choct. 2005. Role of insoluble fiber on gizzard activity in layers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14:38-46.
• Hollemans, M.S., S. de Vries, A. Lammers and C. Clouard. 2018. Effects of early nutrition and transport of 1-day-old chickens on production performance and fear response, Poultry Science, 97(7):2534–2542.
• Jimenez-Moreno, E., J. M. Gonzalez-Alvarado, A. de Coca-Sinova, R. Lazaro and G.G. Mateos. 2009a. Effects of source of fibre on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154(1-2):93-101.
• Jimenez-Moreno, E., J.M. Gonzalez-Alvarado, A. Gonzalez-Serrano, R. Lazaro and G.G. Mateos. 2009b. Effect of dietary fiber and fat on performance and digestive traits of broilers from one to twenty-one days of age. Poultry Science, 88(12):2562-2574
• Juul-Madsen, H.R., G. Su and P. Sǿrensen. 2004. Influence of early or late start of first feeding on growth and immune phenotype of broilers. British Poultry Science, 45 (2): 210-222.
• Kaplan, H., and R. W. Hutkins. 2000. Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66:2682-2684.
• Kidd, M.T., W.Taylor, C.M. Page, B.D. Lott and T.N. Chamblee. 2007. Hatchery feeding of starter diets to broiler chicks. Journal of Applied poultry Research, 16:234-239.
• Kim, M. 2002, The water-soluble extract of chicory affects rat intestinal morphology similarly to other non-starch poly-saccharides. Nutrition Research, 22 (11):1299-1307.
• Kim, G.B., Y.M. Seo, C.H. Kim and I.K. Paik. 2011. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poultry Science, 90:75-82.
• Kwon, H.K., C.G.Leea, J.S. Soa, C.S. Chaea, J.S. Hwanga, A. Sahooa , J. H. Namb, J. H. Rheeb , K.C. Hwangc and S.H. Im. 2010. Generation of regulatory dendritic cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells by probiotics administration suppresses immune disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA 107: 2159–2164.
• Leeson, S. 2008. Predictions for commercial poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17:315-322.
• Marquardt, R.R. 1983. A simple spectrofotometric method for the direct determination uric acid in avian excreta. PoultryScience, 62:2106-2108.
• Mountzouris,K.C., P. Tsirtsikos, E. Kalamara, S. Nitsch, G. Schatzmayr and K. Fegeros. 2007. Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities. Poultry Science, 86:309-317.
• Naumann, C. and R. Basler. 1991. Die ehemische untersuchung von futtermitteln. Verlag Neumann-VDLUFA Methodenbuch, Band 3., Neudamm, Melsungen, 3. Auflage.
• Nir, I. and M. Levanon. 1993. Effect of posthatch holding time on performance and on residual yolk and liver composition. Poultry Science, 72:1994-1997.
• Noy, Y. and D. Sklan. 2001. Yolk and exogenous feed utilization in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80:1490-1495.
• Praveen, T., T. Munegowda, H.C. Indresh and Jayanaik. 2017. Effect of supplementation of various levels of inulin on growth performance, carcass characteristics and survivability in Raja II broilers. International Journal of Current Microbiology Applied Sciences, 6(9): 1470-1475.
• Romanoff, A.L. 1960. The avian embriyo. Structual and functional development. New York: The Macmillan Company.
• Rammouz, R.E., S. Said, M. Abboud, S. Yammine and B. Jammal. 2011. Effect of post hatch early feeding times starter supplemented with egg yolk and white of boiled chicken eggs (RIR) on growth performance, viscera development and immune response in broiler chickens. Asian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5:660-671.
• Ricke, S.C. 2015. Potential of fructooligosaccharide prebiotics in alternative and nonconventional poultry production systems. Poultry Science, 94:1411-1418.
• Saki, A. 2005, Effect of post-hatch feeding on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(1): 4-6.
• Samal, L. and N.C. Behura. 2015. Prebiotics: An emerging nutritional approach for improving gut health of livestock and poultry. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(11):724-739.
• SAS Institute, 2007, JMP user guide, release 7. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
• Shariatmadari, F. 2012. Plans of feeding broiler chickens. World’s Poultry Science Journal 68:21-30.
• Sklan, D., Y. Noy, A. Hoyzman and I. Rozenboim. 2000. Decreasing weight loss in the hatchery by feeding chicks and poults in hatching trays. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 9:142-148.
• Van Leeuwen, P., J.M.A.J. Verdonk, J.D. Van Der Klis and J. Van Loo. 2006. Inulins (chicory fructans) improve performance of young broilers. In: XII European Poultry Conference (EPC), Verona, Italy, September, pp. 10-14.
• Wang, J.S., T.Y. Guo, Y.X. Wang, K.X. Li, Q. Wang and X.A. Zhan. 2018a. Effects of first feed intake time on growth performance, nutrient apparent metabolic rate and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31(6): 899-904.
• Wang, Y., Z. Dong, D. Song, H. Zhou, W. Wang, H. Miao, L. Wang and A. Li.2018b. Effects of microencapsulated probiotics and prebiotics on growth performance, antioxidative abilities, immune functions, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29(1):859-869.
• Xu, Z.R., C.H. Hu, M.S. Xia, X.A. Zhan and M.Q. 2003. Wang MQ. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science, 82:1030-1036.
• Yusrizal, Y. and T.C. Chen. 2003.Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on broiler growth performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal length. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2 (3):214-219.