Tuz stresi
bitkisel üretimi sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Bir And bölgesi
bitkisi olan kinoa (Chenopodium
quinoa)’nın cansız stres faktörlerine dikkate değer ölçüde toleransı
bulunmaktadır.Bu çalışma, 2015
yılında kontrollü şartlarda uygulanan farklı tuz seviyelerinin
(0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) kinoada tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine
etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitki boyu, dal sayısı,
salkım sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi, tane verimi ve tane ham protein
oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, artan tuz seviyelerinin
kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında yukarıda bahsedilen özellikleri olumsuz yönde
etkilediğini, ancak bin tane ağırlığının etkilenmediğini göstermiştir.
Abdel-Ghani, A.H. 2008. Response of wheat varieties from semi-arid regions of Jordan to salt stress., J. Agron. Crop Sci.195:55–65.
Adolf, I.V., S.E. Jacobsen and S. Shabala. 2013. Salt tolerance mechanisms in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Environmental and Experimental Botany 92:43–54.
Algosaibi, A.M., M.M. El-Garawany, A.E. Badran and A.M. Almadin. 2015. Effect of irrigation water salinity on the growth of quinoa plant seedlings, Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(8):205-214.
Azhar, F.M. 2008. The response of four sorghum accessions/cultivars to salinity during plant development., J. Agron. Crop Sci. 163:33–43.
Bhargava, A., S. Shukla and D. Ohri. 2007. Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Field Crops Research 101:104–116.
Bhargava, A., S. Shukla and D. Ohri. 2008. Genotype x environment interaction studies in Chenopodium album L.: An underutilized crop with promising potential, Communications in Biometry and Crop Science, 3(1):3–15.
Eisa, S., S. Hussin, N. Geissler and H.W. Koyro. 2012. Effect of NaCl salinity on water relations, photosynthesis and chemical composition of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a potential cash crop halophyte, AJCS 6(2):357-368.
Flowers, T.J. 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance, J. Exp. Bot. 55:307–319.
Geren, H., Y.T. Kavut, G.D. Topçu, S. Ekren ve D. İştipliler. 2014. Akdeniz iklimi koşullarında yetiştirilen kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.)’da farklı ekim zamanlarının tane verimi ve bazı verim unsurlarına etkileri, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 51(3):297-305.
Geren, H., Y.T. Kavut ve M. Altınbaş. 2015. Bornova ekolojik koşullarında farklı sıra arası uzaklıkların kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’da tane verimi ve bazı verim özellikleri üzerine etkisi, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(1):69-78.
Geren, H. and H. Geren. 2015. A preliminary study on the effect of different irrigation water levels on the grain yield and related characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), 26th International Scientific-Expert Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry, Sarajevo, 27-30 September 2015, Book of Abctracts, p:129.
Geren, H. 2015. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the grain yield and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions, Turk J Field Crops, 20(1):59-64.
Geren, H. ve Z. Dumanoğlu. 2015. Kinoa yetiştiriciliği, Agromedya, Tem-Agus., 3(17):74-76.
Ghoulman, C., A.Foursy and K. Fares. 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars, Environ. Exp. Bot. 47:39–50.
Go´mez-Pando, L.R., R.A´ lvarez-Castro and A.Eguiluz-de la Barra. 2010. Effect of salt stress on Peruvian germplasm of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.: A promising crop, J. Agronomy & Crop Science, 196:391–396.
Hariadi, Y., K. Marandon, Y. Tian, S.E. Jacobsen and S. Shabala. 2011. Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plants grown at various salinity levels, J. Expt. Bot. 62:185–193.
Iqbal, M.A. 2015. An assessment of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) potential as a grain crop on marginal lands in Pakistan, American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15(1):16-23.
Islam, S., A. Malik, M. Islam and T. Colmer. 2007. Salt tolerance in a Hordeum marinum-Triticum aestivum amphiploid and its parents, J. Exp. Bot., 58:1219–1229.
Jacobsen, S.E., H. Quispe and A. Mujica. 2001. Quinoa: An alternative crop for saline soils in The Andes, Scientists and Farmer-Partners in Research for the 21st Century, CIP Program Report 1999–2000, pp:403–408.
Jacobsen, S.E, A. Mujica and C.R. Jensen. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) to adverse abiotic factors, Food Rev. Int., 19(1-2):99-109.
Jancurová, M., L. Minarovićová and A. Dandár. 2009. Quinoa – A Review, Czech J. Food Sci., 27(2):71–79.
Kaya, Ç.İ. 2010. Akdeniz Bölgesinde damla sistemiyle tatlı ve tuzlu su kullanılarak uygulanan farklı sulama stratejilerinin quinoa bitkisinin verimiyle toprakta tuz birikimine etkileri ve Saltmed Modelinin test edilmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst. Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana.
Konishi, Y., S. Hirano, H. Tsuboi and M. Wada. 2004. Distribution of minerals in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 68(1):231-234.
Koyro, H.W. and S.S. Eisa. 2008. Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Plant Soil, 302:79–90.
Koyun, S. 2013. Güvenli Gıda: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2):85-88.
Kuhn, M., S. Wagner , W. Aufhammer, J.H. Lee, E. Kübler and H. Schreiber. 1996. Einfluß von pflanzenbaulicher Maßnahmen auf die Mineralstoffgehalte von Amaranth, Buchweizen, Reismelde und Hafer. Dt Lebensm Rundschau, 92:147-152.
Munns, R. and H. Rawson. 1999. Effect of salinity on salt accumulation and reproductive development in the apical meristem of wheat and barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 26, 459–464.
Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, plant, cell and environment 25, 239–250.
Pearsall, D. M. 1992. The origins of plant cultivation in South America, In: C.W. Cowan, P. J. Watson (Eds.), The Origins of Agriculture. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC, pp:173-205.
Pe´rez, R., J.L. Rodrı´guez and M. Ortega. 1990. Efecto de la salinidad y sequı´a en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Agrociencia 1, 15–37.
Peterson, A. J. 2013. Salınıty tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency of quinoa for expanded production in temperate North America, Master of Science in Crop Science, Washington State University Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington.
Peterson, A.J. and K. Murphy. 2015. Tolerance of Lowland quinoa cultivars to sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salinity, Crop Sci. 55:331–338, Vol. 55, January–February 2015.
Repo-Carrasco, R.C., Espinoza and S.E. Jacobsen. 2003. Nutritional value and use of The Andrean crops quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), Food Reviews International 19 (1 and 2), 179-189.
Romero-Aranda, R., T. Soria, and J. Cuartero. 2001. Tomato plant water uptake and plant water relationships under saline growth conditions, Plant Sci. 160, 265–272.
Ruffino, A.M.C., M. Rosa, M. Hilal, J.A. González and F.E. Prado. 2010. The role of cotyledon metabolism in the establishment of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings growing under salinity, Plant Soil 326: 213–224.
Ruiz-Carrasco, K., F. Antognoni, A.K. Coulibaly, S. Lizardi, A. Covarrubias, E.A. Martínez, M.A. Molina-Montenegro, S. Biondi and A. Zurita-Silva. 2011. Variation in salinity tolerance of four lowland genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) as assessed by growth, Physiological Traits and Sodium Transporter Gene Expression, Plant Phsiology and Biochemistry, 49, 1333-1341.
Tan, M. ve Z. Yöndem. 2013. İnsan ve hayvan beslenmesinde yeni bir bitki: kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.), Alınteri, 25(B) 62-66, ISSN:1307-3311.
Türkan, İ. 2008. Bitki Fizyolojisi 3, Baskıdan çeviri (Plant Physiology, Taiz, L., Zeiger, E.) Palme Yayınları: 455, ISBN 978-9944-341-61-5 s: 690, Ankara.
Vilche, C., M. Gely and E. Santalla. 2003. Physical properties of quinoa seeds, Biosystems Engineering, 86: 59–65.
Yurtsever, N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotlar, Toprak ve Gübre Araş. Enstitüsü Yayınları No:121, Ankara.
Ward, S.M. 2000. Response to selection for reduced grain saponin content in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Field Crop. Res.68, 157–163.
Weber, E.J. 1978. The Inca’s ancient answer to food shortage, Nature 272:486.
Wilson, C., J.J. Read and E. Abo-Kassem . 2002. Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ıon relations of a quinoa and a wheat variety, J Plant Nutr., 25(12): 2689–2704.
Effect of Different Salt (NaCl) Concentrations on The Grain Yield and Some Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic factors limiting crop
productivity on the world. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an Andean
plant showing a remarkable tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study was
conducted in order to determine the effects of different salt concentrations
(0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) on the grain yield and some yield
characteristics of quinoa under controlled conditions in 2015. Traits tested in
the experiment were plant height, number of branches, biomass yield, number of
inflorescence, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, grain yield and crude protein
content of grain. Results indicated that increasing salt levels negatively
affected above mentioned traits compared to control, but thousand grain weights
was not affected by salt.
Abdel-Ghani, A.H. 2008. Response of wheat varieties from semi-arid regions of Jordan to salt stress., J. Agron. Crop Sci.195:55–65.
Adolf, I.V., S.E. Jacobsen and S. Shabala. 2013. Salt tolerance mechanisms in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Environmental and Experimental Botany 92:43–54.
Algosaibi, A.M., M.M. El-Garawany, A.E. Badran and A.M. Almadin. 2015. Effect of irrigation water salinity on the growth of quinoa plant seedlings, Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(8):205-214.
Azhar, F.M. 2008. The response of four sorghum accessions/cultivars to salinity during plant development., J. Agron. Crop Sci. 163:33–43.
Bhargava, A., S. Shukla and D. Ohri. 2007. Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Field Crops Research 101:104–116.
Bhargava, A., S. Shukla and D. Ohri. 2008. Genotype x environment interaction studies in Chenopodium album L.: An underutilized crop with promising potential, Communications in Biometry and Crop Science, 3(1):3–15.
Eisa, S., S. Hussin, N. Geissler and H.W. Koyro. 2012. Effect of NaCl salinity on water relations, photosynthesis and chemical composition of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a potential cash crop halophyte, AJCS 6(2):357-368.
Flowers, T.J. 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance, J. Exp. Bot. 55:307–319.
Geren, H., Y.T. Kavut, G.D. Topçu, S. Ekren ve D. İştipliler. 2014. Akdeniz iklimi koşullarında yetiştirilen kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.)’da farklı ekim zamanlarının tane verimi ve bazı verim unsurlarına etkileri, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 51(3):297-305.
Geren, H., Y.T. Kavut ve M. Altınbaş. 2015. Bornova ekolojik koşullarında farklı sıra arası uzaklıkların kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’da tane verimi ve bazı verim özellikleri üzerine etkisi, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(1):69-78.
Geren, H. and H. Geren. 2015. A preliminary study on the effect of different irrigation water levels on the grain yield and related characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), 26th International Scientific-Expert Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry, Sarajevo, 27-30 September 2015, Book of Abctracts, p:129.
Geren, H. 2015. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the grain yield and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions, Turk J Field Crops, 20(1):59-64.
Geren, H. ve Z. Dumanoğlu. 2015. Kinoa yetiştiriciliği, Agromedya, Tem-Agus., 3(17):74-76.
Ghoulman, C., A.Foursy and K. Fares. 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars, Environ. Exp. Bot. 47:39–50.
Go´mez-Pando, L.R., R.A´ lvarez-Castro and A.Eguiluz-de la Barra. 2010. Effect of salt stress on Peruvian germplasm of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.: A promising crop, J. Agronomy & Crop Science, 196:391–396.
Hariadi, Y., K. Marandon, Y. Tian, S.E. Jacobsen and S. Shabala. 2011. Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plants grown at various salinity levels, J. Expt. Bot. 62:185–193.
Iqbal, M.A. 2015. An assessment of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) potential as a grain crop on marginal lands in Pakistan, American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15(1):16-23.
Islam, S., A. Malik, M. Islam and T. Colmer. 2007. Salt tolerance in a Hordeum marinum-Triticum aestivum amphiploid and its parents, J. Exp. Bot., 58:1219–1229.
Jacobsen, S.E., H. Quispe and A. Mujica. 2001. Quinoa: An alternative crop for saline soils in The Andes, Scientists and Farmer-Partners in Research for the 21st Century, CIP Program Report 1999–2000, pp:403–408.
Jacobsen, S.E, A. Mujica and C.R. Jensen. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) to adverse abiotic factors, Food Rev. Int., 19(1-2):99-109.
Jancurová, M., L. Minarovićová and A. Dandár. 2009. Quinoa – A Review, Czech J. Food Sci., 27(2):71–79.
Kaya, Ç.İ. 2010. Akdeniz Bölgesinde damla sistemiyle tatlı ve tuzlu su kullanılarak uygulanan farklı sulama stratejilerinin quinoa bitkisinin verimiyle toprakta tuz birikimine etkileri ve Saltmed Modelinin test edilmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst. Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana.
Konishi, Y., S. Hirano, H. Tsuboi and M. Wada. 2004. Distribution of minerals in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 68(1):231-234.
Koyro, H.W. and S.S. Eisa. 2008. Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Plant Soil, 302:79–90.
Koyun, S. 2013. Güvenli Gıda: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2):85-88.
Kuhn, M., S. Wagner , W. Aufhammer, J.H. Lee, E. Kübler and H. Schreiber. 1996. Einfluß von pflanzenbaulicher Maßnahmen auf die Mineralstoffgehalte von Amaranth, Buchweizen, Reismelde und Hafer. Dt Lebensm Rundschau, 92:147-152.
Munns, R. and H. Rawson. 1999. Effect of salinity on salt accumulation and reproductive development in the apical meristem of wheat and barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 26, 459–464.
Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, plant, cell and environment 25, 239–250.
Pearsall, D. M. 1992. The origins of plant cultivation in South America, In: C.W. Cowan, P. J. Watson (Eds.), The Origins of Agriculture. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC, pp:173-205.
Pe´rez, R., J.L. Rodrı´guez and M. Ortega. 1990. Efecto de la salinidad y sequı´a en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Agrociencia 1, 15–37.
Peterson, A. J. 2013. Salınıty tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency of quinoa for expanded production in temperate North America, Master of Science in Crop Science, Washington State University Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington.
Peterson, A.J. and K. Murphy. 2015. Tolerance of Lowland quinoa cultivars to sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salinity, Crop Sci. 55:331–338, Vol. 55, January–February 2015.
Repo-Carrasco, R.C., Espinoza and S.E. Jacobsen. 2003. Nutritional value and use of The Andrean crops quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), Food Reviews International 19 (1 and 2), 179-189.
Romero-Aranda, R., T. Soria, and J. Cuartero. 2001. Tomato plant water uptake and plant water relationships under saline growth conditions, Plant Sci. 160, 265–272.
Ruffino, A.M.C., M. Rosa, M. Hilal, J.A. González and F.E. Prado. 2010. The role of cotyledon metabolism in the establishment of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings growing under salinity, Plant Soil 326: 213–224.
Ruiz-Carrasco, K., F. Antognoni, A.K. Coulibaly, S. Lizardi, A. Covarrubias, E.A. Martínez, M.A. Molina-Montenegro, S. Biondi and A. Zurita-Silva. 2011. Variation in salinity tolerance of four lowland genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) as assessed by growth, Physiological Traits and Sodium Transporter Gene Expression, Plant Phsiology and Biochemistry, 49, 1333-1341.
Tan, M. ve Z. Yöndem. 2013. İnsan ve hayvan beslenmesinde yeni bir bitki: kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.), Alınteri, 25(B) 62-66, ISSN:1307-3311.
Türkan, İ. 2008. Bitki Fizyolojisi 3, Baskıdan çeviri (Plant Physiology, Taiz, L., Zeiger, E.) Palme Yayınları: 455, ISBN 978-9944-341-61-5 s: 690, Ankara.
Vilche, C., M. Gely and E. Santalla. 2003. Physical properties of quinoa seeds, Biosystems Engineering, 86: 59–65.
Yurtsever, N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotlar, Toprak ve Gübre Araş. Enstitüsü Yayınları No:121, Ankara.
Ward, S.M. 2000. Response to selection for reduced grain saponin content in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Field Crop. Res.68, 157–163.
Weber, E.J. 1978. The Inca’s ancient answer to food shortage, Nature 272:486.
Wilson, C., J.J. Read and E. Abo-Kassem . 2002. Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ıon relations of a quinoa and a wheat variety, J Plant Nutr., 25(12): 2689–2704.
Dumanoğlu, Z., Işık, D., & Geren, H. (2016). Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’da Farklı Tuz (NaCl) Yoğunluklarının Tane Verimi ve Bazı Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 53(2), 153-159. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.388923