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Assessing Air Quality Improvement as a Regulating Ecosystem Service in the Ege University Housing Campus

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1, 113 - 120, 20.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.299257

Öz

Urban green areas provide many valuable ecosystem
services such as regulating storm water infiltration, improving air quality,
reducing urban heat island effects, provisioning food and habitats for many
species, providing recreation and nature education for the city dwellers.
Housing campus of Ege University is one of the largest and the most intact
urban green patches in the Bornova district. This study aimed to answer the
research question that is at what level air quality improvement as a regulating
ecosystem service has been provided by the canopy cover of the Ege University
housing campus? For this purpose, I-tree canopy tool was used to analyze the
removal of atmospheric air pollutants, and carbon sequestrated and stored by
canopy cover of the housing campus. The results revealed that tree and shrub
canopy covers 48.3 % of the campus. While about 321.57 tons of Carbon Dioxide
was sequestered annually, 8107.86 tons of Carbon Dioxide was stored by plants. In
addition, it was calculated that these plants removed about 28.70 kg of Carbon
Monoxide (CO), 143.85 kg of Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2), 1.58 tons of Ozone (O3), 90.6 kg of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2),
69.61 kg PM2.5 and 479.90 kg PM10 particulate
matter per year.

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, İ. 2012. Ekosistem servislerine dayalı havza yönetim modelinin İstanbul-Ömerli havzası örneğinde uygulanabilirliği, Doktora Tezi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Agren, C. 1991. EMEP report, MCS-W 1/91 Norway.
  • Ahern, J., Cilliers, S. and Niemela, J. 2014. The concept of ecosystem services in adaptive urban planning and design: a framework for supporting innovation, Landscape and Urban Planning, 125: 254–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.020
  • Aygün, M ve Yeşil Akça, G. 2012. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı bakanlığımız ve bağlı kuruluşlarınca yürütülen Ar-Ge nitelikli projeler, www.milliparklar.gov.tr/korunanalanlar/belgeler/tescil.pdf, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Balkız, Ö. 2015. Ekosistem hizmetleri ve havza yönetimi, http://suyonetimi.ormansu.gov.tr/Libraries/su/EkosistemHizmetleri_OzgeBalkiz_20151216.sflb.ashx, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Bassett, C.G. 2015. The environmental benefits of trees on an urban university campus, Master of Environmental Studies Capstone Projects. 66. p.
  • Bloniarz, D. and Beals, T. 2014. I-tree canopy assessment to Springfield MA, http://www.regreenspringfield.org/, Accessed July, 20, 2016.
  • Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas, Ecological Economics, 29: 293–301.
  • Brack, C.L. 2002. Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest. Environmental Pollution, 116:195– 200.
  • Carey, B. and Tobin, B. 2016. Ecosystem services provided by mountshannon village trees, https://static.rasset.ie/documents/ radio1/mountshannon-ecosystem-services-provided-by-mountshannon-village-june-2016.pdf, Erişim 20 Temmuz 2016.
  • Chaparro, L. and Terradas, J. 2009. Ecological services of urban forest in Barcelona. Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals, p. 103.
  • Coşkun Hepcan, Ç., Özeren, M. ve Hepcan, Ş. 2013. İzmir için ekolojik açıdan sürdürülebilir bir kent gelişim senaryosu, TMMOB İzmir 2. Kent Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, TMMOB İzmir 2. Kent Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı - Kentine Sahip Çık, 28- 30 Kasım 2013: 803-811.
  • Curtis, L., Rea, W., Smith-Willis, P., Fenyves, E. and Pan, Y. 2006. Adverse health effects of outdoor in pollutants, Environmental International, 32: 815-830.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 2014. Yer seviyesi ozon kirliliği bilgi notu, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, s.3.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 2016. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı hava kalitesi izleme istasyonları web sitesi, http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/hava.html, Erişim 20 Temmuz 2016.
  • Derkzen, M.L., Van Teeffelen, A.J.A. and Verburg, P.H. 2015. Quantifying urban ecosystem services based on highresolution data of urban green space: an assessment for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Journal of Applied Ecology, 52: 1020–1032.
  • Forman, R.T.T. 2008. Urban regions: ecology and planning beyond the city, NY Cambridge University Press, p. 408. ISBN-13: 978-0521670760.
  • Forman, R.T.T. 2014. Urban ecology science of cities, Cambridge University Press, p. 462. ISBN-13: 978-052118824.
  • Gomez-Baggethun, E. and Barton, D.N. 2013. Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning, Ecological Economics, 86: 235-245.
  • Güvendik G. ve Yılmaz A. 2003. Egzos kirliliğine maruz kalan kişilerde kan karboksihemoglobin düzeyi. Ankara Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32: 213-219.
  • Hepcan, Ş. 2013. Analyzing the pattern and connectivity of urban green spaces: a case study of Izmir, Turkey, Urban Ecosystems, 16: 279–293, DOI:10.1007/s11252-012-0271-2.
  • Hutchings, T., Lawrence, V. and Brunt, A. 2012. Estimating the ecosystem services value of Edinburgh’s trees, The Research Agency of Forest Commission, p. 45.
  • Kardeşoğlu E., Yalçın M. ve Işılak Z., 2011. Hava kirliliği ve kardiyovasküler sistem. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 10: 97-106.
  • Marcus, C. 2015. Tree canopy assessment city of Atlantic Beach Florida, Legacy Arborist Services Tallahassee, FL, p. 8.
  • MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2005. Ecosystems and human well- being: a framework for assessment. MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). http://www.millenniumassessment.org/ en/Framework.html.
  • Moran, J.M. and Mogan, M.D. 1994. Meterology: the atmosphere and the science of weather, NY Macmillan College Publishing Company.
  • McNeil, J. and Vava, C. 2006. Oakville's urban forest: our solution to pollution, Town of Oakville Parks and Open Space Department Forestry Section, p. 67.
  • Nowak, D.J. 2000. The interactions between urban forests and global climate change. In: Abdollahi KK, Ning ZH, Appeaning A (eds) Global change and urban forest. GCRCC and Franklin Press, Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 31–44.
  • Nowak, D.J., Hoehn, R.E., Bodine, A.R., Crane, D.E., Dwyer, J.F., Bonnewell, V. and Watson, G. 2013. Urban trees and forests of the Chicago region. Resour. Bull. NRS-84. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. p 106.
  • Jacobs, B., Mikhailovich, N. and Delaney, C. 2014. Benchmarking Australia’s urban tree canopy: an ı-tree assessment, prepared for horticulture Australia limited by the Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, final-report_140930.pdf, p. 49.
  • Phillips, D., Burdick, C., Merja, B. and Brown. N. 2013. Urban forest ecosystem services: a case study in Corvallis, Oregon. Presented at Ecological Society of America, Minneapolis, MN, August 04 - 09, 2013.
  • Rogers, K., Jarratt, T. and Hansford, D. 2011. Torbay’s urban forest assessing urban forest effects and values - a report on the findings from the UK I-tree eco pilot project, Treeconomics, 46p. ISBN 978-0-9571371-0-3.
  • Rogers, K., Sacre, K., Goodenough, J. and Doick, K. 2015. Valuing London’s urban forest results of the London I-Tree eco project, Hill & Garwood Printing Limited, 84p. ISBN 978-0-9571371-1-0.
  • Seed Consulting Services, 2016. Tree ecosystem services assessment, Ridge Park. A report prepared for the City of Unley, South Australia, 94 p.
  • Smith, W. H. 1990. Air pollution and forests. New York: Springer-Verlag. 618 p.
  • Spirn, A. W. 1984. The granite garden: urban nature and human design, NY Basic Books, p. 334.
  • Steiner, F. 2011. Landscape ecological urbanism: origins and trajectories. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100: 333–337.
  • USDA. 2008. United States Department of Agriculture and Forest Service. I-Tree User’s Manual. www.itreetols.org/resources/ manuals/i-Tree%20Eco%20Users%Manual.pdf, Accessed May, 19 2016.
  • Yatkın, S. ve Bayram, A. 2007. İzmir havasında partikül madde kirliliği: ölçüm ve değerlendirme, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 8 (2): 15-27.

Ege Üniversitesi Lojmanlar Yerleşkesinin Hava Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesine Yönelik Düzenleyici Ekosistem Servislerinin Hesaplanması

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1, 113 - 120, 20.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.299257

Öz

Kentsel yeşil
alanlar hava serinletme, ısı adası etkisini azaltma, karbondioksit depolama,
kirleticileri uzaklaştırarak havayı temizleme, toprağı zenginleştirme, kökleri
ile toprağı havalandırma, yaban hayatı için besin ve barınma ortamı sağlama,
yağış sularının yüzeysel akışa geçmesini önleme, kullanıcılara rekreasyonel ve
eğitsel olanaklar sunma gibi birçok ekosistem servisi/hizmeti sağlamaktadır.
Ege Üniversitesi Lojmanlar Yerleşkesi Bornova İlçesinde bulunan bütünlüğünü
koruyan, geniş yeşil alanlardan biridir. Bu araştırmada Lojmanlar
Yerleşkesindeki taç örtüsü, hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik
düzenleyici ekosistem servisleri açısından ne düzeyde yararlar sağlamaktadır?
sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Bu amaçla taç örtüsünce hava kirliliğine neden olan
gazların atmosferden uzaklaştırılması ile atmosferik karbonun yakalanması ve
depolanmasına yönelik analizlerinin bir arada yapılmasına olanak sağlayan
I-tree canopy modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar yüzde 48’i taç örtüsüyle kaplı
olan lojmanlar yerleşkesinin bir yılda 321.57 ton karbon yakaladığı ve 8107.86 ton
karbon depoladığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra bitki taç örtüsünce bir yılda
atmosferden 28.70 kg Karbon monoksit (CO), 143.85 kg Nitrojen dioksit (NO2),
1.58 ton Ozon (O3), 90.6 kg Kükürt dioksit (SO2), 69.61
kg PM2.5 ve 479.90 kg PM10 parçacık madde uzaklaştırıldığı hesaplanmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, İ. 2012. Ekosistem servislerine dayalı havza yönetim modelinin İstanbul-Ömerli havzası örneğinde uygulanabilirliği, Doktora Tezi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Agren, C. 1991. EMEP report, MCS-W 1/91 Norway.
  • Ahern, J., Cilliers, S. and Niemela, J. 2014. The concept of ecosystem services in adaptive urban planning and design: a framework for supporting innovation, Landscape and Urban Planning, 125: 254–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.020
  • Aygün, M ve Yeşil Akça, G. 2012. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı bakanlığımız ve bağlı kuruluşlarınca yürütülen Ar-Ge nitelikli projeler, www.milliparklar.gov.tr/korunanalanlar/belgeler/tescil.pdf, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Balkız, Ö. 2015. Ekosistem hizmetleri ve havza yönetimi, http://suyonetimi.ormansu.gov.tr/Libraries/su/EkosistemHizmetleri_OzgeBalkiz_20151216.sflb.ashx, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Bassett, C.G. 2015. The environmental benefits of trees on an urban university campus, Master of Environmental Studies Capstone Projects. 66. p.
  • Bloniarz, D. and Beals, T. 2014. I-tree canopy assessment to Springfield MA, http://www.regreenspringfield.org/, Accessed July, 20, 2016.
  • Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas, Ecological Economics, 29: 293–301.
  • Brack, C.L. 2002. Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest. Environmental Pollution, 116:195– 200.
  • Carey, B. and Tobin, B. 2016. Ecosystem services provided by mountshannon village trees, https://static.rasset.ie/documents/ radio1/mountshannon-ecosystem-services-provided-by-mountshannon-village-june-2016.pdf, Erişim 20 Temmuz 2016.
  • Chaparro, L. and Terradas, J. 2009. Ecological services of urban forest in Barcelona. Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals, p. 103.
  • Coşkun Hepcan, Ç., Özeren, M. ve Hepcan, Ş. 2013. İzmir için ekolojik açıdan sürdürülebilir bir kent gelişim senaryosu, TMMOB İzmir 2. Kent Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, TMMOB İzmir 2. Kent Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı - Kentine Sahip Çık, 28- 30 Kasım 2013: 803-811.
  • Curtis, L., Rea, W., Smith-Willis, P., Fenyves, E. and Pan, Y. 2006. Adverse health effects of outdoor in pollutants, Environmental International, 32: 815-830.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 2014. Yer seviyesi ozon kirliliği bilgi notu, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, s.3.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 2016. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı hava kalitesi izleme istasyonları web sitesi, http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/hava.html, Erişim 20 Temmuz 2016.
  • Derkzen, M.L., Van Teeffelen, A.J.A. and Verburg, P.H. 2015. Quantifying urban ecosystem services based on highresolution data of urban green space: an assessment for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Journal of Applied Ecology, 52: 1020–1032.
  • Forman, R.T.T. 2008. Urban regions: ecology and planning beyond the city, NY Cambridge University Press, p. 408. ISBN-13: 978-0521670760.
  • Forman, R.T.T. 2014. Urban ecology science of cities, Cambridge University Press, p. 462. ISBN-13: 978-052118824.
  • Gomez-Baggethun, E. and Barton, D.N. 2013. Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning, Ecological Economics, 86: 235-245.
  • Güvendik G. ve Yılmaz A. 2003. Egzos kirliliğine maruz kalan kişilerde kan karboksihemoglobin düzeyi. Ankara Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32: 213-219.
  • Hepcan, Ş. 2013. Analyzing the pattern and connectivity of urban green spaces: a case study of Izmir, Turkey, Urban Ecosystems, 16: 279–293, DOI:10.1007/s11252-012-0271-2.
  • Hutchings, T., Lawrence, V. and Brunt, A. 2012. Estimating the ecosystem services value of Edinburgh’s trees, The Research Agency of Forest Commission, p. 45.
  • Kardeşoğlu E., Yalçın M. ve Işılak Z., 2011. Hava kirliliği ve kardiyovasküler sistem. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 10: 97-106.
  • Marcus, C. 2015. Tree canopy assessment city of Atlantic Beach Florida, Legacy Arborist Services Tallahassee, FL, p. 8.
  • MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2005. Ecosystems and human well- being: a framework for assessment. MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). http://www.millenniumassessment.org/ en/Framework.html.
  • Moran, J.M. and Mogan, M.D. 1994. Meterology: the atmosphere and the science of weather, NY Macmillan College Publishing Company.
  • McNeil, J. and Vava, C. 2006. Oakville's urban forest: our solution to pollution, Town of Oakville Parks and Open Space Department Forestry Section, p. 67.
  • Nowak, D.J. 2000. The interactions between urban forests and global climate change. In: Abdollahi KK, Ning ZH, Appeaning A (eds) Global change and urban forest. GCRCC and Franklin Press, Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 31–44.
  • Nowak, D.J., Hoehn, R.E., Bodine, A.R., Crane, D.E., Dwyer, J.F., Bonnewell, V. and Watson, G. 2013. Urban trees and forests of the Chicago region. Resour. Bull. NRS-84. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. p 106.
  • Jacobs, B., Mikhailovich, N. and Delaney, C. 2014. Benchmarking Australia’s urban tree canopy: an ı-tree assessment, prepared for horticulture Australia limited by the Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, final-report_140930.pdf, p. 49.
  • Phillips, D., Burdick, C., Merja, B. and Brown. N. 2013. Urban forest ecosystem services: a case study in Corvallis, Oregon. Presented at Ecological Society of America, Minneapolis, MN, August 04 - 09, 2013.
  • Rogers, K., Jarratt, T. and Hansford, D. 2011. Torbay’s urban forest assessing urban forest effects and values - a report on the findings from the UK I-tree eco pilot project, Treeconomics, 46p. ISBN 978-0-9571371-0-3.
  • Rogers, K., Sacre, K., Goodenough, J. and Doick, K. 2015. Valuing London’s urban forest results of the London I-Tree eco project, Hill & Garwood Printing Limited, 84p. ISBN 978-0-9571371-1-0.
  • Seed Consulting Services, 2016. Tree ecosystem services assessment, Ridge Park. A report prepared for the City of Unley, South Australia, 94 p.
  • Smith, W. H. 1990. Air pollution and forests. New York: Springer-Verlag. 618 p.
  • Spirn, A. W. 1984. The granite garden: urban nature and human design, NY Basic Books, p. 334.
  • Steiner, F. 2011. Landscape ecological urbanism: origins and trajectories. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100: 333–337.
  • USDA. 2008. United States Department of Agriculture and Forest Service. I-Tree User’s Manual. www.itreetols.org/resources/ manuals/i-Tree%20Eco%20Users%Manual.pdf, Accessed May, 19 2016.
  • Yatkın, S. ve Bayram, A. 2007. İzmir havasında partikül madde kirliliği: ölçüm ve değerlendirme, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 8 (2): 15-27.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Coşkun Hepcan Bu kişi benim

Şerif Hepcan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2017
Kabul Tarihi 25 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Coşkun Hepcan, Ç., & Hepcan, Ş. (2017). Assessing Air Quality Improvement as a Regulating Ecosystem Service in the Ege University Housing Campus. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 54(1), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.299257

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