Phytochemical Content of the Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Leaves and Seasonal Variation of Antioxidant Activity

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 55 Sayı: 2, 119 - 127, 27.06.2018

Nazan Çömlekçioğlu Mehtap Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.408509

Öz

Kale (Brassica
oleracea L. var. acephala), with
its antioxidant and phytochemical properties, helps reduce the risk of many
cancers and heart disease. In this study, the natural (intact) glucosinolate,
total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and fat content of
leaf extracts of kale leaves, which is known to be unique to the Black Sea
while is a Mediterranian plant, were investigated. Kale was grown in the
conditions of Kahramanmaras and Kale leaves collected at two weeks intervals
from November 28, 2014 until March 24, 2015. The leaves were dried on a
lyophilizer and extracted with methanol. As a result of HPLC analysis, six
different natural glucosinolates were determined in different amounts, namely
sinigrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, gluconapine, glucoerusin and
glucocorticin. As a result of GC-MS analysis of the oil obtained from the Kale
extracts, 33 different fatty acids were identified. The highest contents of
these fatty acids were trichosanoic acid (28.25%), cis-11-eicosanoic acid
(24.01%), linoleic acid (10.13%), palmitic acid (9.35%) and butyric acid
(7.76%). The antioxidant capacity of Kale leaves increased until the end of January
and then decreased. Temperature on these dates has fallen until January, after
January temperature has begun to rise. Total phenolics value of plant leaves
collected between these dates was 7.32-11.63 mg g^-1, total flavonoid
amount 2.01-3.96 μg g^-1, FRAP value 13.43-29-77 μg g^-1
and DPPH value 1.31-1.91 mg g^-1.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, glucosinolate, fatty acids, phytochemical, antioxidant activity, seasonal variation

Yaprak lahana (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Yapraklarının Fitokimyasal İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitenin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Öz

Yaprak lahana (Brassica
oleracea L. var. acephala),
antioksidan ve fitokimyasal özellikleri ile birçok kanser türünün ve kalp
hastalığı riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, bir
Akdeniz bitkisi olmasına rağmen Karadeniz bölgesine has olarak bilinen yaprak
lahananın yapraklarındaki doğal glukozinolat, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid
içerik, antioksidan aktivite ve yaprak ekstraktlarının yağ içeriği
incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yetiştirilen yaprak lahana yaprakları
28 Kasım 2014’den başlayarak 24 Mart 2015’e kadar iki hafta aralıklarla
toplanmış, liyofilizatörde kurutulmuş ve metanol ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. HPLC
analizleri sonucunda bitkide doğal glukozinolatlardan sinigrin, progoitrin,
epiprogoitrin, glukonapin, glukoerusin, glukobrassisin olmak üzere altı farklı
glukozinolat farklı miktarlarda belirlenmiştir. Yaprak lahana yapraklarından
elde edilen yağda yapılan GC-MS analizi sonucunda 33 farklı yağ asidi
belirlenmiş, bu yağ asitleri içinden en yüksek oranda bulunanları sırasıyla
trikosanoik asit (%28.25), cis-11-eikosanoik asit (%24.01), linoleik asit
(%10.13), palmitik asit (%9.35) ve bütirik asit (%7.76) olmuştur. Yaprak lahana
yapraklarının antioksidan kapasitesi Ocak ayının sonuna kadar artmış, daha
sonra düşüşe geçmiştir. Bu tarihlerdeki sıcaklıklar ise Ocak ayına kadar
düşmüş, bu aydan sonra yükselmeye başlamıştır. Bu tarihler arasında toplanan
kurutulmuş bitki yapraklarının toplam fenolik madde değeri 7.32-11.63 mg GAE g^-1,
toplam flavonoid miktarı 2.01-3.96 µg QE g^-1, FRAP değeri
13.43-29-77 µg AAE g^-1 ve DPPH %’ın IC50 değeri 1.31-1.91 mg dw g^-1
arasında bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, glukozinolat, yağ asitleri, fitokimyasal, antioksidan aktivite, mevsimsel değişim

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