Effect of Rural - Urban Migration on Arable Crops Production in Delta North Agricultural Zone, Delta State, Nigeria

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 55 Sayı: 2, 229 - 236, 27.06.2018

Albert Ukaro Ofuoku Daniel Omuredo Aganagana

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.414130

Cited By: 2

Öz

This study examined the events of
rural-urban migration on Arable crops production in the rural areas of Delta
North Agricultural Zone of Delta State. Data were collected from 180 rural
households’ arable crops farmers. Descriptive statistics and multiple
regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. Most migrants were able
bodied young adults. Labour shortage was experienced in almost every household
by arable crops farmers. As a result of labour shortage there were lots of
uncultivated and under-cultivated arable crop lands in hectares. Net revenue
foregone significantly correlated with labour shortage, reduction in arable
crops production and rate of migration. The findings reveal that rural-urban
migration was selective of age, marital status, and educational backgrounds
while the primary reason for the movement was to better themselves
economically. Also, that the massive influx of people to the cities was due to
the dearth of infrastructure and economic opportunities and the neglect
suffered by the agricultural sector in the rural areas. As a recommendation, a
more proactive measure be adopted in the rural infrastructural development and
government should adopt and enforce infrastructural priority policies that will
create the enabling environment  for
rural  transformation and agricultural
development in rural areas that will bring positive effects to households of
arable crops farmers who are the hub of food production in Delta North.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rural-urban migration, labour, farming households, arable crops, effect

Nijerya’da Delta Eyaletinin Delta Kuzey Tarım Bölgesinde Kırdan Kente Göçün Tarla Bitkileri Üretimine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Delta Eyaletinin, Delta Kuzey Tarım Bölgesi'nin kırsal alanlarında kırdan

kente göçün tarla bitkileri üretimi üzerinde etkisini incelemiştir.Veriler, kırsal

analiz etmek için tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve çoklu regresyon analizi

kesimde yaşayan ve tarla bitkileri üretimi yapan 180 çiftçiden toplanmıştır.Verileri
kullanılmıştır. Çoğu göçmenler sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerdir. İşgücü kıtlığı

sonucunda, az işlenen veya ekilmeyen çok fazla tarla bitkileri arazisi bulunmaktadır.

tarla bitkileri üretimi yapan hemen hemen her hanede yaşanmaktadır. İşgücü yetersizliği
İşgücü kıtlığı, tarla bitkileri üretimindeki azalma ve göç oranı ile net gelir

yönelik büyük akınına, kırsal alanda ekonomik fırsatların ve alt yapının

kaybı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Kırdan kente göçün başlıca nedeni kendilerine
daha iyi ekonomik koşullar sağlamak iken, kırdan kente göçün yaş, medeni durum
ve eğitim durumundan etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, insanların kentlere

getirecek olan kırsal alanda kırsal dönüşüm ve tarımsal kalkınma için uygun

eksikliğinin ve tarım sektörünün ihmal edilmesinin neden olduğu
anlaşılmaktadır. Bir öneri olarak, Kuzey Delta’da gıda üretiminin merkezi olan
tarla bitkileri üretimi yapan üreticilerin hanehalklarına olumlu etkiler
ortamı yaratacak olan kırsal altyapı gelişiminde proaktif bir yöntem

uygulamalıdır.

benimsenmeli ve hükümet alt yapı öncelikli politikaları benimsemeli ve

Anahtar Kelimeler

işgücü, tarla bitkileri, etki, Kırdan kente göç, çiftçi hane halkı, etki

Kaynakça

• Adamu, A.A. (2005). Efficiency of resource-use in irrigated wheat production among farmers in Hadejia-Jama’ara River Basin, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc Thesis, Agricultural Economics and Extension Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi. 33pp
• Adewale (2005). “Socio-economic factors associated with urban- rural migration inn Nigeria: A case study of Oyo State, Nigeria”. A Journal of human ecology, 17(1), 13 –16
• Afolabi, M.O. 2007. Rural-urban migration and production in Nigeria agricultural sector. M.PP Thesis Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.; Canada.
• Ekong, E. Ekong. (2003). Introduction to rural sociology. Uyo, Nigeria: Dove Educational publishers
• Essang, and Mabawonku (1974). Impact of urban migration on rural development: Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence from Southern Nigeria. New York Rockefeller.
• Essang, Samuel. M. and Adewale F. Mabawonku. 1981. Impact of urban migration on rural development: Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence from Southern Nigeria. New York: Rockefeller.
• Fadayomi, (1998). Rural development and migration in Nigeria: Impact on the Eastern Zone of Bauchi State Agricultural Development Project. Ibadan, Nigeria; Nigeria Institute of Social and Agricultural Research.
• Iruonagbe, T.C. (2009) Rural-Urban Migration and Agricultural Development in Nigeria
• Kandel (2003). “Differential Impacts of Migration on Agriculture: A comparative study of male headed and female headed households in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal.” Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Dept of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, IAAS, Rampur, Chitwam, Nepal
• Ofuoku, A.U. (2012). Urban- Rural Migration in Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Extension Services. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 12(6),1-5.
• Ofuoku, A.U. and Chukwuji, C.O. (2012) Impact of rural-urban migration on plantation agriculture in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
• Popoola, Labode (2006). Socioeconomic potentials of the Nigeria Rural landscape and ways of utilizing them towards Rapid economic and industrial revolution. Lead paper presented at the 15th Annual Congress of the Nigeria Rural Sociological Association. Held at the university of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 6-7th Nov.
• Ray, D.P. (2004). Effect of labour migration on agricultural production in Mahotarri District. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Dept of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
• Tuan, Francis., Agapi Somwaru. and Xinshen Diao. 2000. Rural Labour Migration, Characteristics, and Employment Patterns: A Study Based on China’s Agricultural Census, Trade and Macroeconomics Division Discussion Paper No. 63. Washington D.C., USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
• Uzokwe, U.N. and Ofuoku, A.U. (2006) Changes in gender division of agricultural tasks in Delta State, Nigeria and implications for agricultural extension services. Extension Farming Systems Journal, 2(1), 91-96