Araştırma Makalesi
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Effects of tomato rootstocks on plant growth, temperature sum requirements, yield and quality in different planting dates

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 79 - 92, 01.06.2009

Öz

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of rootstocks on plant growth, yield, fruit quality and temperature sum requirements (TS) in different planting dates. This research was carried out in autumn and spring season as split plots experimental design with 3 replicates. Main plot was planting dates which were (1) 1 September, (2) 14 September and (3) 3 October 2005 in autumn and (1) 3 March, (2) 17 March ve (3) 31 March 2006 in spring season. Sub-plots were different rootstocks namely (1) Beaufort, (2) Heman, (3) Vigomax and (4) control (non grafted Durinta plants). In the research only the main effects of treatments on stem length was found significantly different in autumn and it was higher in the first planting date and in the plants grafted on Heman. Leaf area also increased with the rootstocks although the response changed accordingly. In both growing seasons among the rootstocks, TS was found lower in Beaufort. It was higher in the first planting date and decreased at the further planting dates. In terms of yield parameters, yield was higher in the first planting date in autumn and in the first two dates in spring. Also the positive effect of rootstocks on yield was determined.

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı, S., 1995. Hıyarlarda minimum gelişme sıcaklığı ile ilgili etkili sıcaklık toplamı isteğinin belirlenmesi. Ç.Ü.Z.F. Doktora Tezi. Adana.
  • Bletsos, F., Thanassoulopoulos, C., Roupakias, D., 2003. Effect of grafting on growth, yield and Verticillium wilt of eggplant. Hort Science, 38: 183-186.
  • Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Massa, D., Salerno, A., Rea, E., 2006. Yield, fruit quality and mineral composition of grafted melon plants grown under saline conditions. J. of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. Vol. 81, No:1, 146-152.
  • Cohen, S., Naor, A., 2002. The effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductance. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25:17-28.
  • Day, D., 1991.Growing in perlite, Grower Digest No.12, Grower Pub. Ltd., London, Pp:36.
  • Den Nijs, A.P.M., 1984. Rootstock-scion interactions in the cucumber: Implications for cultivation and breeding. Acta Hort., 156:53-60.
  • Edelstein, M., 2004. Grafting vegetable crop plants: pros and cons. Acta Hort.:659:235-238.
  • Fernández-Garcia, N., Martínez, V., Cerdá, A., Carvajal, M., 2002. Water and nutrient uptake of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 159. 899–905.
  • Fernández-Garcia, N., Cerda, A., Carjaval, M., 2003. Grafting, a useful technique for improving Salinity Tolerance of Tomato? Acta Hort., 609: 251-256.
  • Heuvelink, E., 1995. Dry matter production in a tomato crop: measurements and simulation. Annals of Botany, 75: 369-379.
  • Hochmuth, G.J., 2008. General Aspects of Plant Growth - Florida Greenhouse Vegetable Production Handbook, Vol 3. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CV262.
  • Jaksck, T., Kell, K., 1997. Grafting Tomatoes Ensures Higher Yields. Gemuse- Munchen. 33:5:345-346.
  • Janick, J., 2002. History of Horticulture: History of Agriculture and Horticultural Technology in Asia. Lectures 12-13. Purdue University, USA.
  • Kell, K., Jacksch, T., 1998. Comparison of stocksin tomato. Gemuse München, 34:12, 700-704.
  • Khah, E.M., 2005. Effects of grafting on growth, performance and yield of aubergine (Solanum melongena L) in the field and greenhouse. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 3:92-94.
  • Kovalev, P.A., 1990. Pleiotropic effects of the genes and yg6 and formation of the inflorescence in tomato. İzvestiya- Akademii- Nauk-Moldavskoi SSR-Biologicheskie-i-Khimicheskie-Nauki, 5:34-36.
  • Lee, J. M., Oda, M., 2003. Grafting of Herbaceous Vegetable and Ornamental Crops. Horticultural Reviews, 28:61-124.
  • Lee, SG., Choi, J.U., Kim, KY., Chung, J.H., Lee, YB., 1997. Effect of rootstocks and grafting methods on the growth and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). RDA- Journal- of- Horticulture- Science. 39:2,15- 20.
  • Leonardi, C., Romano, D., 2004. Recent issues on vegetable grafting. Acta Hort. (631), 163-174.
  • Leonardi, C., 2006. High quality vegetable seedling production and grafting. (Ders notları), Pp:1-17.
  • Leoni, S., Grudina,R., Cadinu,M., Madeddu, B., Carletti, M.G., 1991. The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta-Hort., 287: 127-134.
  • Lieth, J.H., 1996. Irrigation Systems, Water, Media and Nutrition for Greenhouse Crops, Reed D.W. (Ed.), Ball Publishing Inc., Illinois, USA, Pp:305..
  • Maync, A., 1999.Tomato cultivation in the unheated plastic tunnel - Planting date, density, varieties. Gemuse München. 35:2, 113-115.
  • Meriç, M.K., 2000. Farklı sulama programlarının sera topraksız domates yetiştiriciliğinde su tüketimi, verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Ege Ün. Fen Bil.Enst. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Navarrete, M., Jeannequin, B., 2000. Effect of frequency of axillary bud pruning on vegetative growth and fruit yield in greenhouse tomato crops. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 86, Issue 3: 197-210.
  • Oda, M., Nagata, M., Tsuji, K., Sasaki, H., 1996. Effect of scarlet eggplant rootstock on growth, yield, and sugar content of grafted tomato fruits. Journal-of –the Japanese- Society- for Horticultural Science. 65 (3), 531-536.
  • Oda, M., 1999. Grafting of vegetables to improve greenhouse production. http://www.agnet.org/library/article/ eb480.html (erişim tarihi:05.02.2003),
  • Ra, S.A., Yang, J.S., Ham, I.K., Mon, C.S., Woo, I.S., Roh, T.H., Hong, Y.K., 1995. Effect of remaining potato stems on yield of grafting plants between mini tomato and potato. RDA- Journal-of Agricultural- Science, Horticulture. 37:2, 390-393.
  • Santa-Curz, A., Martinez-Rodriguez, M., Perez-Alfocea, F., Romero-Aranda, R., Bolarin C.M., 2002. The rootstock effect on the tomato salinity response depends on the shoot genotype. Plant Science 162:825-831.
  • Sevgican, A., 2002. Örtüaltı Sebzeciliği (Topraksız Tarım). Cilt II. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Bornova, İzmir.
  • Tachibana, S., 1989. Respiratory response of detached root to lower temperatures in cucumber and figleaf gourd grown at 20ºC root temperature. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci.58:333-337
  • Tesi, R., Tognoni F., 1986. Influence of low temperature in the greenhouse production of solanacea plants in mild winter areas. Acta Hort. 191 (209-218).
  • Tüzel, Y., Tüzel, İ.H., Gül, A., 2007. Efficient water use through environmentally sound hydroponic production of high quality vegetables for domestic and export markets in Mediterranean countries. P3 - Final Report of ECOPONICS Project. Pp:181-193.
  • Tuzel, Y., A. Gül, 2008. Seralarda İyi Tarım Uygulamaları (Good Agricultural Practices in Greenhouses). “Training Project to Increase Employment and Improve Capacity of Agricultural Engineers to Wide-Spread Environmental Friendly (Good Agricultural) Practices in Horticultural Crops” TR 0205.01/002/02/011. 172 p. Bornova-Izmir.
  • Winsor, G.W., Schwarz, M., 1990. Soilless culture for horticulture crop production, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 101, Rome, Pp:188.
  • Yarşi, G., Sari, N., 2006. Aşılı fide kullanımının sera kavun yetiştiriciliğinde beslenme durumuna etkisi. Alatarım, (2):1-8.
  • Yetişir, H., Sarı, N., Yücel, S. 2003. Rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality. Phytoparasitica 31(2):163-169.
  • http://i4weather.net/ddays.html “What are Degree Days (Heating, Cooling, Growing)?”. Erişim tarihi 02.11.2002.
  • http://ohioline.osu.edu/textline/nltr/icmn/1996/08-27.txt “Field Crops”. Erişim tarihi 06.11.2002.

Domates Anaçlarının Farklı Dikim Tarihlerinde Bitki Gelişimi, Sıcaklık Toplamı İsteği, Verim ve Kaliteye Etkileri

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 79 - 92, 01.06.2009

Öz

Bu araştırmada; serada domates yetiştiriciliğinde farklı dikim tarihleri ile üretime başlandığında anaçların bitki gelişimi, verim, meyve kalitesi ve çiçeklenmeye kadar olan sıcaklık toplamı (ST) isteğine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiş, sonbahar ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde yürütülmüştür. Ana parsel uygulaması olan dikim tarihleri sonbahar döneminde (1) 1 Eylül, (2) 14 Eylül ve (3) 3 Ekim 2005 ve ilkbahar döneminde (1) 3 Mart, (2) 17 Mart ve (3) 31 Mart 2006’dır. Alt parsel uygulamasını farklı anaçlar oluşturmuştur: (1) Beaufort, (2) Heman ve (3) Vigomax anaçları üzerine Durinta çeşidi aşılanmış ve (4) aşısız bitkiler kontrol uygulaması olarak denemeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada bitki boyu açısından sadece sonbahar döneminde uygulamaların esas etkisi önemli çıkmış; ilk dikim tarihinde ve Heman anacında bitki boyunun arttığı saptanmıştır. Yaprak alanı da, anaçlara göre farklı olmakla birlikte, aşılı bitkilerde artış göstermiştir. ST salkımlara göre değişmişse de, genelde her iki yetiştirme döneminde de, anaçlar arasında Beaufort üzerine aşılı bitkilerde daha düşük bulunurken, dikim tarihleri arasında da ST değeri ilk dikim tarihinde daha yüksek çıkmış ve dikim tarihinin ilerlemesiyle azalmıştır. Verim ile ilgili parametrelere uygulamaların etkileri incelendiğinde; sonbaharda ilk, ilkbaharda ilk iki dikim tarihinde verimin daha yüksek olduğu, anaç kullanımının da verimle ilgili ölçümü yapılan parametreleri olumlu olarak etkilediği görülmüştür

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı, S., 1995. Hıyarlarda minimum gelişme sıcaklığı ile ilgili etkili sıcaklık toplamı isteğinin belirlenmesi. Ç.Ü.Z.F. Doktora Tezi. Adana.
  • Bletsos, F., Thanassoulopoulos, C., Roupakias, D., 2003. Effect of grafting on growth, yield and Verticillium wilt of eggplant. Hort Science, 38: 183-186.
  • Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Massa, D., Salerno, A., Rea, E., 2006. Yield, fruit quality and mineral composition of grafted melon plants grown under saline conditions. J. of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. Vol. 81, No:1, 146-152.
  • Cohen, S., Naor, A., 2002. The effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductance. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25:17-28.
  • Day, D., 1991.Growing in perlite, Grower Digest No.12, Grower Pub. Ltd., London, Pp:36.
  • Den Nijs, A.P.M., 1984. Rootstock-scion interactions in the cucumber: Implications for cultivation and breeding. Acta Hort., 156:53-60.
  • Edelstein, M., 2004. Grafting vegetable crop plants: pros and cons. Acta Hort.:659:235-238.
  • Fernández-Garcia, N., Martínez, V., Cerdá, A., Carvajal, M., 2002. Water and nutrient uptake of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 159. 899–905.
  • Fernández-Garcia, N., Cerda, A., Carjaval, M., 2003. Grafting, a useful technique for improving Salinity Tolerance of Tomato? Acta Hort., 609: 251-256.
  • Heuvelink, E., 1995. Dry matter production in a tomato crop: measurements and simulation. Annals of Botany, 75: 369-379.
  • Hochmuth, G.J., 2008. General Aspects of Plant Growth - Florida Greenhouse Vegetable Production Handbook, Vol 3. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CV262.
  • Jaksck, T., Kell, K., 1997. Grafting Tomatoes Ensures Higher Yields. Gemuse- Munchen. 33:5:345-346.
  • Janick, J., 2002. History of Horticulture: History of Agriculture and Horticultural Technology in Asia. Lectures 12-13. Purdue University, USA.
  • Kell, K., Jacksch, T., 1998. Comparison of stocksin tomato. Gemuse München, 34:12, 700-704.
  • Khah, E.M., 2005. Effects of grafting on growth, performance and yield of aubergine (Solanum melongena L) in the field and greenhouse. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 3:92-94.
  • Kovalev, P.A., 1990. Pleiotropic effects of the genes and yg6 and formation of the inflorescence in tomato. İzvestiya- Akademii- Nauk-Moldavskoi SSR-Biologicheskie-i-Khimicheskie-Nauki, 5:34-36.
  • Lee, J. M., Oda, M., 2003. Grafting of Herbaceous Vegetable and Ornamental Crops. Horticultural Reviews, 28:61-124.
  • Lee, SG., Choi, J.U., Kim, KY., Chung, J.H., Lee, YB., 1997. Effect of rootstocks and grafting methods on the growth and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). RDA- Journal- of- Horticulture- Science. 39:2,15- 20.
  • Leonardi, C., Romano, D., 2004. Recent issues on vegetable grafting. Acta Hort. (631), 163-174.
  • Leonardi, C., 2006. High quality vegetable seedling production and grafting. (Ders notları), Pp:1-17.
  • Leoni, S., Grudina,R., Cadinu,M., Madeddu, B., Carletti, M.G., 1991. The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta-Hort., 287: 127-134.
  • Lieth, J.H., 1996. Irrigation Systems, Water, Media and Nutrition for Greenhouse Crops, Reed D.W. (Ed.), Ball Publishing Inc., Illinois, USA, Pp:305..
  • Maync, A., 1999.Tomato cultivation in the unheated plastic tunnel - Planting date, density, varieties. Gemuse München. 35:2, 113-115.
  • Meriç, M.K., 2000. Farklı sulama programlarının sera topraksız domates yetiştiriciliğinde su tüketimi, verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Ege Ün. Fen Bil.Enst. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Navarrete, M., Jeannequin, B., 2000. Effect of frequency of axillary bud pruning on vegetative growth and fruit yield in greenhouse tomato crops. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 86, Issue 3: 197-210.
  • Oda, M., Nagata, M., Tsuji, K., Sasaki, H., 1996. Effect of scarlet eggplant rootstock on growth, yield, and sugar content of grafted tomato fruits. Journal-of –the Japanese- Society- for Horticultural Science. 65 (3), 531-536.
  • Oda, M., 1999. Grafting of vegetables to improve greenhouse production. http://www.agnet.org/library/article/ eb480.html (erişim tarihi:05.02.2003),
  • Ra, S.A., Yang, J.S., Ham, I.K., Mon, C.S., Woo, I.S., Roh, T.H., Hong, Y.K., 1995. Effect of remaining potato stems on yield of grafting plants between mini tomato and potato. RDA- Journal-of Agricultural- Science, Horticulture. 37:2, 390-393.
  • Santa-Curz, A., Martinez-Rodriguez, M., Perez-Alfocea, F., Romero-Aranda, R., Bolarin C.M., 2002. The rootstock effect on the tomato salinity response depends on the shoot genotype. Plant Science 162:825-831.
  • Sevgican, A., 2002. Örtüaltı Sebzeciliği (Topraksız Tarım). Cilt II. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Bornova, İzmir.
  • Tachibana, S., 1989. Respiratory response of detached root to lower temperatures in cucumber and figleaf gourd grown at 20ºC root temperature. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci.58:333-337
  • Tesi, R., Tognoni F., 1986. Influence of low temperature in the greenhouse production of solanacea plants in mild winter areas. Acta Hort. 191 (209-218).
  • Tüzel, Y., Tüzel, İ.H., Gül, A., 2007. Efficient water use through environmentally sound hydroponic production of high quality vegetables for domestic and export markets in Mediterranean countries. P3 - Final Report of ECOPONICS Project. Pp:181-193.
  • Tuzel, Y., A. Gül, 2008. Seralarda İyi Tarım Uygulamaları (Good Agricultural Practices in Greenhouses). “Training Project to Increase Employment and Improve Capacity of Agricultural Engineers to Wide-Spread Environmental Friendly (Good Agricultural) Practices in Horticultural Crops” TR 0205.01/002/02/011. 172 p. Bornova-Izmir.
  • Winsor, G.W., Schwarz, M., 1990. Soilless culture for horticulture crop production, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 101, Rome, Pp:188.
  • Yarşi, G., Sari, N., 2006. Aşılı fide kullanımının sera kavun yetiştiriciliğinde beslenme durumuna etkisi. Alatarım, (2):1-8.
  • Yetişir, H., Sarı, N., Yücel, S. 2003. Rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality. Phytoparasitica 31(2):163-169.
  • http://i4weather.net/ddays.html “What are Degree Days (Heating, Cooling, Growing)?”. Erişim tarihi 02.11.2002.
  • http://ohioline.osu.edu/textline/nltr/icmn/1996/08-27.txt “Field Crops”. Erişim tarihi 06.11.2002.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yüksel Tüzel Bu kişi benim

Hale Duyar Bu kişi benim

Gölgen B. Öztekin Bu kişi benim

Ayşe Gül Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2009
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüzel, Y., Duyar, H., Öztekin, G. B., Gül, A. (2009). Domates Anaçlarının Farklı Dikim Tarihlerinde Bitki Gelişimi, Sıcaklık Toplamı İsteği, Verim ve Kaliteye Etkileri. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 46(2), 79-92.

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