Estimation of some Nutrient Values of Quinoa, Chia, Teff, Mung Bean and Buckwheat Seeds for Ruminants by In Vitro Methods

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 4, 519 - 527, 30.12.2020

Engin İkizoğlu Sibel Soycan Önenç

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.670262

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of quinoa, chia, teff, mung bean, and buckwheat as an alternative feed in ruminant nutrition.
Material and Methods: The materials were composed of quinoa (white, black, red), chia (white, black), teff, mung beans and buckwheat, which have passed their shelf life due to tear or damage in their package. Fatty acid components as well as enzyme soluble organic matter (ESOM) under in vitro conditions were also determined in addition to crude nutrient contents. Metabolic energy (ME), using the obtained data, was also calculated.
Results: It was found out that the crude protein (CP) contents were 14.04-15.38% in quinoa, 19.90-21.73% in chia, 11.98% in teff, 25.20% in mung bean, and 13.72% in buckwheat. Ether extract (EE) contents; however, were found out to be 7.13-7.97%, 30.84-35.75%, 2.46, % 3.48%, and 5.25%. The highest amount of linoleic acid was found in chia (60.71-66.17%). ESOM contents was determined at high level in white quinoa, mung bean, and buckwheat. However, in vitro ME contents were found at the highest level in chia.
Conclusion: Quinoa has the potential to be an alternative to traditional cereals during early lactation period in ruminant animals, in which energy need is at its highest level, or as a source of energy in fattening period. Chia has a high potential to be effective in preventing heat stress, especially in dairy cattle. The high linolenic acid content of chia oil may allow the milk fat to be enriched by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been determined that teff and buckwheat can be alternatives to other cereals, whereas mung bean, due to its crude protein being high and being rich in minerals is a significant alternative for feed producers who have been in search of new sources of protein recently.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quinoa, chia, teff, mung bean, buckwheat

Destekleyen Kurum

University of Namık Kemal Scientific Research Project

Proje Numarası

NKÜBAP.03.YL.18.142

Teşekkür

This study was funded by NKUBAP (University of Namık Kemal Scientific Research Project) within the framework of NKÜBAP.03.YL.18.142. It was taken form MSc Thesis. We thank Research Assistant Göksel Tırpancı Sivri for oil component analysis.

Kinoa, Chia, Teff, Maş Fasulyesi ve Karabuğday Danelerinin Ruminantlar için bazı Besin Madde Değerlerinin İn Vitro Yöntemlerle Tahmini

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, kinoa, chia, teff, maş fasulyesi ve karabuğdayın alternatif yem ham maddesi olarak ruminant beslemede kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma materyalini, ambalajın yırtılması, hasar görmesi vb. nedenlerle raf ömrü dolan kinoa (beyaz, siyah, kırmızı), chia (beyaz, siyah), teff, maş fasulyesi ve karabuğday oluşturmuştur. Ham besin madde içeriklerinin yanı sıra yağ asiti bileşenleri ve in vitro koşullarda enzimde çözünen organik madde miktarları (EÇOM) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerden yararlanılarak metabolik enerji (ME) içerikleri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Ham protein (HP) içeriklerinin kinoada %14.04-15.38, chiada %19.90-21.73, teffde %11.98, maş fasulyesinde %25.20 ve karabuğdayda %13.72 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ham yağ (HY) içerikleri ise sırasıyla %7.13-7.97, %30.84-35.75, %2.46, % 3.48 ve %5.25 olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek linolenik asit chiada (%60.71-66.17) belirlenmiştir. EÇOM içeriği beyaz kinoa, maş fasulyesi ve karabuğdayda yüksek bulunmuştur. Oysa in vitro ME içerikleri en yüksek chiada belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Kinoa, ruminantların enerji gereksiniminin yüksek olduğu erken laktasyon döneminde ya da beside enerji kaynağı olarak geleneksel tahıllara alternatif olma potansiyeli vardır. Chianın özellikle süt sığırlarında sıcaklık stresini önlemede etkili olabilme potansiyeli yüksektir. Chia yağının linolenik asit içeriğinin yüksek olması, süt yağının çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden biri olan konjuge linolenik asitçe zenginleşmesine olanak sağlayabilir. Teff ve karabuğday tahıllara, maş fasulyesi ise mineralce zengin olmasının yanısıra HP içeriğinin yüksek olmasından dolayı, özellikle son yıllarda yeni protein kaynakları arayışına giren üreticilere önemli bir alternatif oluşturacağı ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kinoa, chia, teff, maş fasulyesi, karabuğday

Proje Numarası

NKÜBAP.03.YL.18.142

Kaynakça

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