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Growing Media in Organic Seedling Production

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 4, 603 - 610, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.755975

Öz

Vegetable seedlings are produced in specialized commercial nurseries. Peat is the most common growing medium used in seedling production. In organic agriculture, organic seeds and plant material should be used according to the EU Regulation No 834/2007. However, there is no restriction in the use of peat in the growing media in the Regulation although there is a comment on peat as a limited natural resource and restriction of its use with the approach of sustainability of organic agriculture. In fact, Bio Suisse Standards recommends restricting the use of peat for the cultivation of planting material no more than 70% peat. Thus, during the last two decades many researches have been conducted on the use different by-products or compost alone or as a part of a mixture as peat substitute. This review aims to bring the researches on peat alternatives in organic seedling production and their effects on different vegetable crops.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M., Noguera, P., Puchades, R., Maquieira, A. and Noguera, V. 2002. Physico-chemical and chemical properties of some coconut coir dusts for use as a peat substitute for containerised ornamental plants. Bioresour Technology, 82(3):241-5.
  • Abad, M., Noguera, P. and Bures, S. 2001. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production: case study in Spain. Bioresource Technology, 77(2):197-200.
  • Abad, M., Fornes, F., Carriou, C. and Noguera, V. 2005. Physical properties of various coconut coir dusts compared to peat. HortScience, 40(7):2138-2144.
  • Alexander, P.D. 2009. An assessment of the suitability of backyard produced compost as a potting soil. Compost Science & Utilization, 17(2):74-84.
  • Arenas, M., Vavrina, C.S., Cornell, J.A., Hanlon, E.A. and Hochmuth, G.J. 2002. Coir as an alternative to peat in media for tomato transplant production. HortScience, 37:309–312.
  • Benito, M., Masaguer, A., Moliner, A. and De Antonio, R. 2005. Chemical and physical properties of pruning waste compost and their seasonal variability. Bioresource Technology, 97(16):2071-2076.
  • BIO-SUISSE, 2017. The Federation of Swiss Organic Farmers. http://www.bio-suisse.ch/media/en/pdf2012/rl_2012_e.pdf (Access date: 20.04.2017)
  • Boertje, G.A. 1995. Chemical and physical characteristics of pumice as a growing medium. Acta Horticulturae, 401:85-88.
  • Berecha, G., Lemessa, F. and Wakjira, M. 2011. Exploring the suitability of coffee pulp compost as growth media substitute in greenhouse production. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 255–267.
  • Bunt, A.C. 1983. Physical properties on mixtures of peats and minerals of different particle size and bulk density for potting substrates. Acta Horticulturae, 150:143-153.
  • Bustamente, M.A., Paredes, C., Moral, R., Agullo, E., Perez-Murcia, M.D. and Abad, M. 2008. Composts from distillery wastes as peat substitutes for transplant production. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(5):792–799.
  • Bustamante, M.A., Moral, R., Agulló, E., Pérez-Murcia, M.D., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Medina, E.M. and Paredes, C. 2011. Use of winery-distillery composts for lettuce and watermelon seedling production. Acta Horticulturae, 898:143-150.
  • Carmona, E., Moreno, M.T., Aviles, M. and Ordovas, J. 2011. Use of grape marc compost as substrate for vegetable seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae, 137:69–74.
  • Castillo, J.E., Herrera, F., López-Bellido, R.J., López-Bellido, F.J., López-Bellido, L. and Fernández, E.J. 2004. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compost as a tomato transplant medium. Compost Science & Utilization, 12(1):86-92.
  • Ceglie, F.G., Elshafie, H., Verrastro, V. and Tittarelli, F. 2011. Evaluation of olive pomace and green waste composts as peat substitutes for organic tomato seedling production. Journal Compost Science & Utilization, 9(4):293-300.
  • Ceglie, F.G., Bustamante, A., Ben Amara, M. and Tittarelli, F. 2015. The challenge of peat substitution in organic seedling production: Optimization of growing media formulation through mixture design and response surface analysis. PLoS ONE, 10(6): e0128600.
  • Clark, S. and Cavigelli, M. 2005. Suitability of composts as potting media for production of organic vegetable transplants. Compost Science and Utilization, 13(2):150-156.
  • Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Possanzini, G., Cardarelli, M., Temperini, O., Saccardo, F., Pierandrei, F. and Rea, E. 2007. Coconut coir as a potting media for organic lettuce transplant production. Acta Horticulture, 747:293-296.
  • De Lucia, B., Cristiano, G., Vecchietti, L., Rea, E. and Russo, G. 2013. Nursery growing media: agronomic and environmental quality assessment of sewage sludge-based compost. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013: Article ID 565139, 1-10.
  • Diaz-Perez, M. and Camacho-Ferre, F. 2010. Effect of composts in substrates on the growth of tomato transplants. HortTechnology, 20(2):361-367.
  • Doolan, D.W., Leonardi, C. and Baudoin, W. 1999. Vegetable Seedling Production Manual. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 155. 70 p.
  • EGTOP Report 2013. Final Report on Greenhouse Production (Protected Cropping). 7th plenary meeting of 19 and 20 June 2013. https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/sites/ orgfarming/files/docs/body/final_report_egtop_on_greenhouse_production_en.pdf (Access date:18.04.2017)
  • El-Sayed G. K. 2015. Some physical and chemical properties of compost. International Journal of Waste Resources, 5:172.
  • EUR-LEX, 2017. Database of The Official Journal of the European Union. http://eur-lex.europa.eu (Access date:18.04.2017)
  • Ghanbari Jahromi, M. and Aboutalebi, A. 2009. Garden compost as a substrate for vegetable transplant production. Acta Horticulture, 898:165-170.
  • Herrera, F., Castillo, J.E., Chica, A.F. and Lopez Bellido, L. 2008. Use of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) as a growing medium in the nursery production of tomato plants. Biosource Technology, 99(2):287-296.
  • Hidalgo, P.R., Matta, F.B. and Harkess, R.H., 2006. Pysical and chemical properties of substrates containing earthworm castings and effects on marigold growth. HortScience, 41(6):1474-1476.
  • Inbar, Y., Chen, Y. and Hadar, Y. 1986. The use of composted separated cattle manure and grape marc as peat substitute in horticulture. Acta Horticulturae, 178:147-154.
  • IFOAM, 2017. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, http://www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/definition-organic-agriculture (Access date: 17.04.2017)
  • Kahn, B.A., Hyde, J.K., Cole, J.C., Stoffella, P.J. and Graetz, D.A. 2013. Replacement of a peat-lite medium with compost for cauliflower transplant production. Compost Science & Utilization, 13(3):175-179.
  • Landis, T.D. 1990. Containers and growing Media. Vol. 2. The Container tree Nursery Manual, Agric. Handbook 674. Washington DC: US Department of Agriculture Forest service, 41-85.
  • Landis, T.D., Douglass, F.J., Wilkinson, K.M. and Luna, T. 2014. Tropical Nursery Manual: A guide to starting and operating a nursery for native and traditional plants. Growing Media (ed. By Wilkinson, K.M., Landis, T.D., Haase, D.L., Daley, B.F., Dumroese, R.K.). Agriculture Handbook 732.
  • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 376 p.
  • Lazcano, C., Arnold, J., Tato, A., Zaller, J.G. and Dominguez, J. 2009. Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: effects on tomato plant growth and morphology. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(4):944-951.
  • Lernoud, J. and Willer, H. 2017. Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Key results from the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2017. Part 1: Global data and survey background. The 17th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture. www.fibl.org.
  • Lemaire, F. 1995. Physical, chemical and biological properties of growing medium. Acta Horticulturae, 396:273-284.
  • Lopez-Mondejar, R., Bernal-Vincente, A., Ros, M., Tittarelli, F., Canali, S., Intrigiolo, F. and Pascual, J.A. 2010. Utilisation of citrus compost-based growing media amended with Trichoderma harzianum T-78 in Cucumis melo L. seedling production. Bioresource Technology, 101(10):3718–3723.
  • Medina E, Paredes C, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MA, Moral R. 2009. Spent mushroom substrates as component of growing media for germination and growth of horticultural plants. Bioresour Technology, 100(18):4227-32.
  • Manenoi, A., Tamala, W., Tunsungnern, A. and Amassa, P. 2009. Evaluation of an on-farm organic growing media on the growth and development of pepper seedlings. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, Special Issue:75-80.
  • Mininni, C., Bustamante, M.A., Medina, E., Montesano, F., Paredes, C., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Moral, R. and Santamaria, P. 2013. Evaluation of posidonia seaweed-based compost as a substrate for melon and tomato seedling production. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 88(3):345-351.
  • Ozores-Hampton, M., Vavrina, C.S. and Obreza, T.A. 1999. Yard trimming-biosolids compost: possible alternative to sphagnum peat moss in tomato transplant production. Compost Science & Utilization, 7(4):42-49.
  • Oztekin, G.B., Ekinci, K., Tüzel, Y. and Merken, O. 2017. Effects of composts obtained from two different composting methods on organic tomato seedling production. Acta Horticlture,1164:209-216.
  • Pantanella, E., Danaher, J.J., Rakocy, J.E., Shultz, R.C. and Bailey, D.S. 2011. Alternative media types for seedling production of lettuce and basil. Acta Horticulturae, 891:257-264.
  • Raviv, M., Chen, Y. and Inbar, Y. 1986. The use of peat and composts as growth media for container-grown plants. In: The role of organic matter in modern agriculture. Chen, Y. and Y. Avnimelech (Eds.) Martinus Nijhoff Publ., Dordrecht., pp. 257-287.
  • Ribeiro, H.M., Romero, A.M., Pereira, H., Borges, P., Cabral, F. and Vasconcelos, E. 2007. Evaluation of a compost obtained from forestry wastes and solid phase of pig slurry as a substrate for seedlings production. Bioresource Technology, 98:3294–3297.
  • Robbins, J.A. and Evans, M.R. 2011. Growing media for container production in a greenhouse or nursery. Part II (Physical and chemical properties). University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Service, Greenhouse and Nursery Series. 4 p.
  • Robertson, R.A. 1993. Peat, horticulture and environment. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2:541-547.
  • Russo, V.M. 2005. Organic vegetable transplant production. HortScience, 40(3):623-628.
  • Schmilewski, G. 2008. The role of peat in assuring the quality of growing media. Mires and Peat, Vol. 3, Article 02, http://www.mires-and-peat.net/, ISSN 1819-754X
  • Sideman, E. 2007. Soil-less mixes for vegetable seedling production. Morga Fact Sheet #9 (www.mofga.org).
  • Tittarelli, F., Rea, E., Verrastro, V., Pascual, J.A., Canali, S., Ceglie, F.G., Trinchera, A. and Rivera, C.M. 2009. Compost-based nursery substrates: Effect of peat substitution on organic melon seedlings. Compost Science & Utilization, 17(4):220-228,
  • Tuzel, Y., Oztekin, G.B. and Tan, E. 2015. Use of different growing media and nutrition on organic seedling production. Acta Horticulture, 1107:165-175.
  • Tuzel, Y. and Oztekin, G.B. 2017. Organic seedling production. Acta Horticuture, 1170: 1141-1148.
  • Tuzel, Y., Varol, N., Oztekin, G.B., Ekinci, K. and Merken, O. 2017a. Effects of composts obtained from olive oil production wastes on organic tomato seedling production. Acta Horticuture, 1164:217-224.
  • Tuzel, Y., Oztekin, G.B., Aktan, H. and Yolageldi, L. 2017b. Improvement of Organic Seedling Production Methods. TUBITAK Project No 111G151, Final Report. 119 p.
  • Tüzel, Y., Gürkaş, E. and Öztekin, G.B. 2018. Effects of different growing media on organic pepper seedling production. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 4(10):244-249.
  • Willer, H. and Lernoud, J. 2017. The World of Organic Agriculture 2017. Media Release. BIOFACH and VIVANESS Press Conference, https://shop.fibl.org/CHen/mwdownloads/ download/link/id/785/?ref=1 (Access date: 09.02.2017).

Organik Fide Üretiminde Yetiştirme Ortamları

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 4, 603 - 610, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.755975

Öz

Sebze fideleri özelleşmiş ticari fideliklerde üretilmektedir. Torf, fide üretiminde en yaygın kullanılan yetiştirme ortamıdır. Organik tarımda, 834/2007 sayılı AB yönetmeliğine göre organik tohum ve bitki materyali kullanılmalıdır. Ancak, torfun sınırlı bir doğal kaynak olması ve organik tarımın sürdürülebilirliği yaklaşımı nedeni ile kullanımına dair kısıtlama tavsiyesi olmasına rağmen, yönetmelikte torfun yetiştirme ortamı olarak kullanılmasına ilişkin herhangi bir kısıtlama yoktur. Aslında, İsviçre Organik Tarım Üreticileri Federasyonu Standartları, bitkisel üretim materyallerinin üretiminde %70'den fazla olmayacak şekilde torfun kullanımının sınırlandırılmasını önermektedir. Bu nedenle, son yirmi yıldır farklı yan ürünlerin veya kompostun tek başına ya da torf ile karışımı şeklinde kullanımı üzerine pekçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan bu derleme, organik fide üretiminde torf alternatiflerini ve bunların farklı sebze türleri üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyan araştırmaları bir araya getirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M., Noguera, P., Puchades, R., Maquieira, A. and Noguera, V. 2002. Physico-chemical and chemical properties of some coconut coir dusts for use as a peat substitute for containerised ornamental plants. Bioresour Technology, 82(3):241-5.
  • Abad, M., Noguera, P. and Bures, S. 2001. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production: case study in Spain. Bioresource Technology, 77(2):197-200.
  • Abad, M., Fornes, F., Carriou, C. and Noguera, V. 2005. Physical properties of various coconut coir dusts compared to peat. HortScience, 40(7):2138-2144.
  • Alexander, P.D. 2009. An assessment of the suitability of backyard produced compost as a potting soil. Compost Science & Utilization, 17(2):74-84.
  • Arenas, M., Vavrina, C.S., Cornell, J.A., Hanlon, E.A. and Hochmuth, G.J. 2002. Coir as an alternative to peat in media for tomato transplant production. HortScience, 37:309–312.
  • Benito, M., Masaguer, A., Moliner, A. and De Antonio, R. 2005. Chemical and physical properties of pruning waste compost and their seasonal variability. Bioresource Technology, 97(16):2071-2076.
  • BIO-SUISSE, 2017. The Federation of Swiss Organic Farmers. http://www.bio-suisse.ch/media/en/pdf2012/rl_2012_e.pdf (Access date: 20.04.2017)
  • Boertje, G.A. 1995. Chemical and physical characteristics of pumice as a growing medium. Acta Horticulturae, 401:85-88.
  • Berecha, G., Lemessa, F. and Wakjira, M. 2011. Exploring the suitability of coffee pulp compost as growth media substitute in greenhouse production. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 255–267.
  • Bunt, A.C. 1983. Physical properties on mixtures of peats and minerals of different particle size and bulk density for potting substrates. Acta Horticulturae, 150:143-153.
  • Bustamente, M.A., Paredes, C., Moral, R., Agullo, E., Perez-Murcia, M.D. and Abad, M. 2008. Composts from distillery wastes as peat substitutes for transplant production. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(5):792–799.
  • Bustamante, M.A., Moral, R., Agulló, E., Pérez-Murcia, M.D., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Medina, E.M. and Paredes, C. 2011. Use of winery-distillery composts for lettuce and watermelon seedling production. Acta Horticulturae, 898:143-150.
  • Carmona, E., Moreno, M.T., Aviles, M. and Ordovas, J. 2011. Use of grape marc compost as substrate for vegetable seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae, 137:69–74.
  • Castillo, J.E., Herrera, F., López-Bellido, R.J., López-Bellido, F.J., López-Bellido, L. and Fernández, E.J. 2004. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compost as a tomato transplant medium. Compost Science & Utilization, 12(1):86-92.
  • Ceglie, F.G., Elshafie, H., Verrastro, V. and Tittarelli, F. 2011. Evaluation of olive pomace and green waste composts as peat substitutes for organic tomato seedling production. Journal Compost Science & Utilization, 9(4):293-300.
  • Ceglie, F.G., Bustamante, A., Ben Amara, M. and Tittarelli, F. 2015. The challenge of peat substitution in organic seedling production: Optimization of growing media formulation through mixture design and response surface analysis. PLoS ONE, 10(6): e0128600.
  • Clark, S. and Cavigelli, M. 2005. Suitability of composts as potting media for production of organic vegetable transplants. Compost Science and Utilization, 13(2):150-156.
  • Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Possanzini, G., Cardarelli, M., Temperini, O., Saccardo, F., Pierandrei, F. and Rea, E. 2007. Coconut coir as a potting media for organic lettuce transplant production. Acta Horticulture, 747:293-296.
  • De Lucia, B., Cristiano, G., Vecchietti, L., Rea, E. and Russo, G. 2013. Nursery growing media: agronomic and environmental quality assessment of sewage sludge-based compost. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013: Article ID 565139, 1-10.
  • Diaz-Perez, M. and Camacho-Ferre, F. 2010. Effect of composts in substrates on the growth of tomato transplants. HortTechnology, 20(2):361-367.
  • Doolan, D.W., Leonardi, C. and Baudoin, W. 1999. Vegetable Seedling Production Manual. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 155. 70 p.
  • EGTOP Report 2013. Final Report on Greenhouse Production (Protected Cropping). 7th plenary meeting of 19 and 20 June 2013. https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/sites/ orgfarming/files/docs/body/final_report_egtop_on_greenhouse_production_en.pdf (Access date:18.04.2017)
  • El-Sayed G. K. 2015. Some physical and chemical properties of compost. International Journal of Waste Resources, 5:172.
  • EUR-LEX, 2017. Database of The Official Journal of the European Union. http://eur-lex.europa.eu (Access date:18.04.2017)
  • Ghanbari Jahromi, M. and Aboutalebi, A. 2009. Garden compost as a substrate for vegetable transplant production. Acta Horticulture, 898:165-170.
  • Herrera, F., Castillo, J.E., Chica, A.F. and Lopez Bellido, L. 2008. Use of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) as a growing medium in the nursery production of tomato plants. Biosource Technology, 99(2):287-296.
  • Hidalgo, P.R., Matta, F.B. and Harkess, R.H., 2006. Pysical and chemical properties of substrates containing earthworm castings and effects on marigold growth. HortScience, 41(6):1474-1476.
  • Inbar, Y., Chen, Y. and Hadar, Y. 1986. The use of composted separated cattle manure and grape marc as peat substitute in horticulture. Acta Horticulturae, 178:147-154.
  • IFOAM, 2017. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, http://www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/definition-organic-agriculture (Access date: 17.04.2017)
  • Kahn, B.A., Hyde, J.K., Cole, J.C., Stoffella, P.J. and Graetz, D.A. 2013. Replacement of a peat-lite medium with compost for cauliflower transplant production. Compost Science & Utilization, 13(3):175-179.
  • Landis, T.D. 1990. Containers and growing Media. Vol. 2. The Container tree Nursery Manual, Agric. Handbook 674. Washington DC: US Department of Agriculture Forest service, 41-85.
  • Landis, T.D., Douglass, F.J., Wilkinson, K.M. and Luna, T. 2014. Tropical Nursery Manual: A guide to starting and operating a nursery for native and traditional plants. Growing Media (ed. By Wilkinson, K.M., Landis, T.D., Haase, D.L., Daley, B.F., Dumroese, R.K.). Agriculture Handbook 732.
  • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 376 p.
  • Lazcano, C., Arnold, J., Tato, A., Zaller, J.G. and Dominguez, J. 2009. Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: effects on tomato plant growth and morphology. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(4):944-951.
  • Lernoud, J. and Willer, H. 2017. Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Key results from the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2017. Part 1: Global data and survey background. The 17th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture. www.fibl.org.
  • Lemaire, F. 1995. Physical, chemical and biological properties of growing medium. Acta Horticulturae, 396:273-284.
  • Lopez-Mondejar, R., Bernal-Vincente, A., Ros, M., Tittarelli, F., Canali, S., Intrigiolo, F. and Pascual, J.A. 2010. Utilisation of citrus compost-based growing media amended with Trichoderma harzianum T-78 in Cucumis melo L. seedling production. Bioresource Technology, 101(10):3718–3723.
  • Medina E, Paredes C, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MA, Moral R. 2009. Spent mushroom substrates as component of growing media for germination and growth of horticultural plants. Bioresour Technology, 100(18):4227-32.
  • Manenoi, A., Tamala, W., Tunsungnern, A. and Amassa, P. 2009. Evaluation of an on-farm organic growing media on the growth and development of pepper seedlings. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, Special Issue:75-80.
  • Mininni, C., Bustamante, M.A., Medina, E., Montesano, F., Paredes, C., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Moral, R. and Santamaria, P. 2013. Evaluation of posidonia seaweed-based compost as a substrate for melon and tomato seedling production. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 88(3):345-351.
  • Ozores-Hampton, M., Vavrina, C.S. and Obreza, T.A. 1999. Yard trimming-biosolids compost: possible alternative to sphagnum peat moss in tomato transplant production. Compost Science & Utilization, 7(4):42-49.
  • Oztekin, G.B., Ekinci, K., Tüzel, Y. and Merken, O. 2017. Effects of composts obtained from two different composting methods on organic tomato seedling production. Acta Horticlture,1164:209-216.
  • Pantanella, E., Danaher, J.J., Rakocy, J.E., Shultz, R.C. and Bailey, D.S. 2011. Alternative media types for seedling production of lettuce and basil. Acta Horticulturae, 891:257-264.
  • Raviv, M., Chen, Y. and Inbar, Y. 1986. The use of peat and composts as growth media for container-grown plants. In: The role of organic matter in modern agriculture. Chen, Y. and Y. Avnimelech (Eds.) Martinus Nijhoff Publ., Dordrecht., pp. 257-287.
  • Ribeiro, H.M., Romero, A.M., Pereira, H., Borges, P., Cabral, F. and Vasconcelos, E. 2007. Evaluation of a compost obtained from forestry wastes and solid phase of pig slurry as a substrate for seedlings production. Bioresource Technology, 98:3294–3297.
  • Robbins, J.A. and Evans, M.R. 2011. Growing media for container production in a greenhouse or nursery. Part II (Physical and chemical properties). University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Service, Greenhouse and Nursery Series. 4 p.
  • Robertson, R.A. 1993. Peat, horticulture and environment. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2:541-547.
  • Russo, V.M. 2005. Organic vegetable transplant production. HortScience, 40(3):623-628.
  • Schmilewski, G. 2008. The role of peat in assuring the quality of growing media. Mires and Peat, Vol. 3, Article 02, http://www.mires-and-peat.net/, ISSN 1819-754X
  • Sideman, E. 2007. Soil-less mixes for vegetable seedling production. Morga Fact Sheet #9 (www.mofga.org).
  • Tittarelli, F., Rea, E., Verrastro, V., Pascual, J.A., Canali, S., Ceglie, F.G., Trinchera, A. and Rivera, C.M. 2009. Compost-based nursery substrates: Effect of peat substitution on organic melon seedlings. Compost Science & Utilization, 17(4):220-228,
  • Tuzel, Y., Oztekin, G.B. and Tan, E. 2015. Use of different growing media and nutrition on organic seedling production. Acta Horticulture, 1107:165-175.
  • Tuzel, Y. and Oztekin, G.B. 2017. Organic seedling production. Acta Horticuture, 1170: 1141-1148.
  • Tuzel, Y., Varol, N., Oztekin, G.B., Ekinci, K. and Merken, O. 2017a. Effects of composts obtained from olive oil production wastes on organic tomato seedling production. Acta Horticuture, 1164:217-224.
  • Tuzel, Y., Oztekin, G.B., Aktan, H. and Yolageldi, L. 2017b. Improvement of Organic Seedling Production Methods. TUBITAK Project No 111G151, Final Report. 119 p.
  • Tüzel, Y., Gürkaş, E. and Öztekin, G.B. 2018. Effects of different growing media on organic pepper seedling production. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 4(10):244-249.
  • Willer, H. and Lernoud, J. 2017. The World of Organic Agriculture 2017. Media Release. BIOFACH and VIVANESS Press Conference, https://shop.fibl.org/CHen/mwdownloads/ download/link/id/785/?ref=1 (Access date: 09.02.2017).
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yüksel Tüzel 0000-0001-7825-9379

Gölgen Öztekin 0000-0001-6023-013X

İ.hakkı Tüzel 0000-0002-6867-578X

Hale Duyar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 57 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüzel, Y., Öztekin, G., Tüzel, İ., Duyar, H. (2020). Growing Media in Organic Seedling Production. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 57(4), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.755975

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