Kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 4, 731 - 742, 31.12.2022

Figen Kırkpınar Helin Atan

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1096687

Cited By: 1

Öz

Hayvansal üretimde sürdürülebilirlik; gelecek nesillerin gıda ihtiyaçlarını karşılama yeteneğinden ödün vermeden toplumun mevcut gıda ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması şeklinde tanımlanır. Kanatlı üretimi, hayvansal üretimin diğer alanlarına kıyasla daha çevre dostu olmasına rağmen sera gazları, ötrofikasyon ve asidifikasyon gibi çevresel etkileri göz ardı edilmemelidir. Kanatlı üretim zincirinde, yem üretimi ve nakliye küresel ısınma potansiyalinin %70’ini oluştururken, gübre yönetimi ise ötrofikasyon ve asidifikasyon potansiyalinin %40-60’ını oluşturmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kanatlı üretiminde, yem üretimi ile besin madde atılımının etkisini azaltmak amacıyla bazı besleme stratejileri geliştirilmektedir. Yem üretimi etkisinin azaltılması amacıyla karma yemlerin "Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi" kullanılarak oluşturulması, alternatif protein kaynaklarının kullanılması ve hidroponik tarım modellerinin uygulanması çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir üretim yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. Gübre yönetiminin çevresel etkisi ise karma yemlerin ham protein düzeyi azaltılarak, ham selüloz ilavesi, sindirim sisteminin düzenlenmesi ve besin madde sindirilebilirliği artırılarak iyileştirilebilir. Bu derlemede, kanatlı beslemede sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri; yem üretiminin etkileri, besin madde atılımının azaltılması ve iyileştirilmiş sindirim sistemi ile ilişkisi irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kümes hayvanları, Çevresel etkiler, Yem bileşenleri, sindirim sistemi

Sustainability strategies in poultry nutrition

Öz

Sustainability in animal production is defined as meeting society’s current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their food needs. Poultry production is more environmentally friendly in comparison with other fields in animal production, however; its impacts on the environment such as greenhouse gases, eutrophication, and acidification should not be overlooked. In poultry production chain, feed production and transportation constitute 70% of global warming potential, whereas manure management constitutes 40-60% of eutrophication and acidification potential. Some feeding strategies are developed in sustainable poultry production to reduce the effects of feed production and nutrient excretion. Making compound feed by means of “Life Cycle Assessment” using alternative protein sources and using hydroponic farming models to reduce the impact of feed production enable environmentally friendly and sustainable production. The environmental impact of manure management can be improved by reducing the crude protein level of diets, adding crude fiber, regulating the digestive system and increasing nutrient digestibility. In this review, sustainability strategies in poultry nutrition; the relationship with effects of feed production, reduction of nutrient excretion and improved system will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Poultry, Environmental impacts, Feed ingredients, digestive system

Kaynakça

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