Susamda kömür çürüklüğü hastalığı (Macrophomina phaseolina)’nın laboratuvar ve tarla şartlarında karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 2, 151 - 163, 01.07.2024

Mehmet Aydoğdu İlker Kurbetli

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1432773

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma susam bitkisinde kömür çürüklüğü patojeninin (Macrophomina phaseolina) laboratuvar ve tarla şartlarında karakterize edilmesini amaçlamıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: 2017 yılında, M. phaseolina’nın iki izolatı Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Aksu lokasyonunda hastalık belirtisi gösteren bitkilerden izole edilmiştir. Patojenisite testleri serada Muganlı-57 çeşidi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İzolatların mikromorfolojik özellikleri (koloni gelişmesi, koloni rengi, miselyum ve mikrosklerot) ve klorat hassasiyetleri laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenmiştir. Sıcaklığın koloni gelişmesi üzerine etkisi ve tarlada kömür çürüklüğü hastalığının belirtileri ayrıca detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Minimal ortamda izolatların mikrosklerot uzunluğu, mikrosklerot genişliği ve koloni gelişmelerinde önemli (%1) farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Her iki izolat klorata hassas olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Minimal ortamda Aksus1 izolatı tüylü bir gelişme deseni gösterirken, Aksus2 izolatı kısıtlanmış bir gelişme deseni göstermiştir. Sıcaklık izolatların koloni gelişmelerini önemli (%1) derecede etkilemiştir. En yüksek koloni gelişmeleri 35°C’ de tespit edilirken, en düşük gelişmeler 40°C’ de bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Sonuçlar kömür çürüklüğü hastalığının epidemiyolojisinin anlaşılmasına yeni katkılar sunmaktadır. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, bu Türkiye’nin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde susam bitkilerinde kömür çürüklüğü hastalığının mikroskobik özelliklerini ve tarlada belirtilerini detaylı olarak karakterize eden ilk çalışmadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarla belirtileri, fungal hastalık, fungal özellikler, Sesamum indicum

In vitro and in vivo characterization of charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in sesame

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to characterize charcoal rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina) of sesame in vitro and in vivo.
Material and Methods: In 2017, two isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from symptomatic sesame plants in Aksu district of the Western Mediterranean region of Türkiye. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using cv. Muganlı-57 in a greenhouse. Micromorphological characteristics (colony growth, colony color, mycelium, and microsclerotium) and chlorate sensitivity of the isolates were determined in vitro. Effects of temperature on colony growth and symptoms of charcoal rot in the field were also examined in detail.
Results: Significant (P<0.01) differences were detected in microsclerotium length, microsclerotium width, and colony growths of the isolates on minimal medium. Both isolates were characterized as chlorate-sensitive. On minimal medium, Aksus1 isolate displayed a feathery growth pattern, while Aksus2 isolate showed a restricted growth pattern. Temperature significantly (P˂0.01) affected colony growth. The highest colony growths were detected at 35°C, while the lowest ones were found at 40°C.
Conclusion: The results may provide new insights into the epidemiology of the charcoal rot disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed characterization of microscopic traits and charcoal rot symptoms on sesame in the field in the Western Mediterranean region of Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Field symptoms, fungal disease, fungal traits, Sesamum indicum

Kaynakça

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