Enuresis nocturna in children

Öz

Nizamettin Kılıç1, Osman Dönmez2, Emin Balkan1 JThe Medical Faculty Of Uludağ University, Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Division Of Pediatric Urology, Gorukle, 16059, Bursa 2The Medical Faculty Of Uludağ University, Department Of Pediatrics, Division Of Pediatric Nephrology, Gorukle, 16059, Bursa

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nocturnal Enuresis,Epidemiology,Etiology,Child

Çocuklarda enürezis noktürna: Tedavide güncel yaklaşımlar

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uykuda işeme,Epidemiyoloji,Etiyoloji,Çocuk

Kaynakça

1. Bartholomew T. Neurogenic voiding: Function and dysfunction. Urologic Clinics of North America 1985; 12:67-3
2. Blackwell B, Currah J. The psychopharmacology of nocturnal enuresis. In Kolvin I, MacKeith RC, Meadow SR (eds.), Bladder control and enuresis. London: Heinemann Medical Boks 1973. p. 231-57
3. Werry JS. Enuresis - a psychosomatic entity? Canadian Medical Association Journal 1967,97:319-27
4. Rushton HG. Nocturnal enuresis: Epidemiology, evaluation, and current available treatment options. Journal of Pediatrics 1989, 114:691-6
5. Schmitt BD. Nocturnal enuresis. Pediatrics in Review 1997, 18: 183-91
6. Hira Sing RA, van Leerdam FJ, Sukhai RN, et al. Further development of 'Enuresis nocturna' guidelines for children with persistent problems. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2004; 148:17- 21
7. Foxman B, Valdez RB, Brook RH. (). Childhood enuresis: Prevalence, perceived impact and prescribed treatments. Pediatrics 1986; 77: 482-7
8. Katz J. Enuresis and encopresis. Medical Journal of Australia 1972; 1: 127-30

9. Gur E, Turhan P, Can G, et al. Enuresis: prevalence, risk factors and urinary pathology among school children in Istanbul, Turkey. Pediatr Int 2004; 46: 58-63
10. Kass EJ, Diokno AC, Montealegus A
11. Enuresis: Principles of management and results of treatment. Journal of Urology 1979; 121: 794-6. Oge O, Kocak I, Gemalmaz H. Enuresis: point prevalence and associated factors among Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr 2001; 43: 38-43
12. Arnell H, Hjalmas K, Jagervall M. Et al. The genetics of primary nocturnal enuresis: Inheritance and suggestion of a second major gene on chromosome 12q. Journal of Medical Genetics 1997; 34: 360-5
13. Bakwin H. The genetics of enuresis. In Kolvin I, MacKeith RC and Meadow SRC (Eds.), Bladder control and enuresis. London:W. Heineman Medical Book. 1993, p. 73-7
14. Brading AF, Turner WH. The unstable bladder: Towards a common mechanism. British Journal of Urology 1994, 73: 3-8
15. Eiberg H. Nocturnal enuresis is linked to a specific gene. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology (Suppl.) 1995; 173: 15-6. Broughtofi RJ. Sleep disorders: Disorders of arousal? Science 1968, 159: 1070-8
16. Brown M, Jacobs M, Pelayo R. Adult obstructive sleep apnea with secondary enuresis. Western Journal of Medicine 1995; 163: 478-80
17. Baruzzi A, Riva R, Cirignotta F. et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide and catecholamines in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 1991; 14: 83-6
18. Fernandes E, Vernier R, Gonzalez R. The unstable bladder in children. Journal of Pediatrics 1991; 118: 831-7
19. Fraser MS. Nocturnal enuresis. Practitioner 1972, 208; 203-11
20. McGuire EJ, Savashino JA. Urodynamic studies in enuresis and the non-neurogenic bladder. Journal of Urology 1984, 132: 299-302
21. McLorie G, Husmann D. Incontinence and enuresis. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1987;34:1159-74
22. Norgaard JP. Urodynamics in enuretics. I. Reservoir function. Neurology and Urodynamics 1989, 8: 119
23. Norgaard JP, Djurhuus JC. The pathophysiology of enuresis in, children and young adults. Clinical Pediatrics Special Edition 1993; 5-9
24. Giles GR, Light K, Van Blerk PJP. Cystometrogram studies in enuretic children. South Africa Journal of Surgery 1978; 16: 33-7
25. Wille S. Nocturnal enuresis: Sleep disturbance and behavior patterns. Acta Paediatrica 1994, 83: 772-4
26. Hagstroem S, Kamperis K, Rittig S, et al. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is associated with abnormal nocturnal bladder emptying. J Urol 2004; 171: 2562-6
27. Taneli C: Cerrah gözüyle enürezis. Klinik Çocuk Forumu Dergisi 1999; 5: 3 Marshall S, Marshall HH, Lyons RP. Enuresis: An analysis of various therapeutic approaches. Pediatrics 1973; 52: 813-7
28. Wengraf C. Management of enuresis. Lancet 1997; 350: 221-2
29. Wille S. Comparison of desmopressin and enuresis alarm for nocturnal enuresis. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1986; 61: 30-3
30. Tahmaz L, Kibar Y, Yildirim I, et al. Combination therapy of imipramine with oxybutynin in children with enuresis nocturna. Urol Int 2000; 65: 135-9
31. Bloom DA, Seeley WW, Ritchey ML. Et al. Toilet habits and continence in children: An opportunity sampling in search of normal parameters. Journal of Urology 1993; 149: 1087-90
32. Ilyas M, Jerkins G. Management of nocturnal childhood enuresis in managed care: A new challenge. Pediatric Annals 1996; 25: 258-64
33. Esperanca M, Gerrard JW. Nocturnal enuresis: Comparison of the effect of imipramine and dietary restriction on bladder capacity. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1969; 101: 65-8
34. Forsythe WI, Redmond A. Enuresis and the electric alarm: A study of 200 cases. British Medical Journal 1970; 1: 211-3
35. Bjerrum L, Djurhuus JC.Enuresis nocturna. Does alarm intervention help? Ugeskr Laeger 2002; 13: 2599-602
36. Kales A, Kales JD, Jacobson A, et al. Effects of imipramine on enuretic frequency and sleep stages. Pediatrics 1977; 60: 431-6
37. Kardash S, Hillman ES, Werry J. Efficacy of imipramine in childhood enuresis: A double blind study with placebo. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1968; 99: 263-6
38. Alderton HR. Imipramine in childhood enuresis: Further studies on the relationship of time of administration to effect. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1970; 102: 1179-80
39. Janknegt R, Zweers H, Delaere K, et al. Oral desmopressin as a new treatment modality for primary nocturnal enuresis in adolescents and adults. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Journal of Urology 1997; 157: 513-7
40. Klauber GT. Clinical efficacy and safety of desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Journal of Pediatrics 1989; 114:719-22
41. Carter C A, Brookfield RB. Consequences of prior authorization programs. A case example: DDAVP in pediatric nocturnal enuresis. American Journal of Managed Care 1996,2:715-8
42. Skoog S, Stokes A, Turner K. Oral desmopressin: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study of effectiveness in children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Journal of Urology 1997; 158: 1035-40
43. Thompson S, Rey J. Functional enuresis: Is desmopressin the answer? Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescence Psychiatry 1995; 34: 266-71
44. Ward MK, Fraser TR. DDAVP in treatment of vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. British Medical Journal 1974; 3: 86-9
45. Johnstone JMS. Cystometry and evaluation of anticholinergic drugs in enuretic children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1972,7: 18-20
46. Lovering JS, Tallett SE, Mckendry JBJ. Oxybutynin efficacy in treatment of primary enuresis. Pediatrics 1988; 82: 104-6
47. 0'Regan S, Yazbeck S, Hamberger B, Schick E. Constipation: A commonly unrecognized cause of enuresis. American Journal of Disease in Childhood 1986; 140: 260-1