Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in retinopathy of prematurity

Yıl 2015, , 40 - 44, 17.01.2015

Murat Günay , Gökhan Çelik

https://doi.org/10.16948/zktb.34843

Öz

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the retinal vascular developmental disorder of the premature infants and it is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Hypoxia secondary to the immature retina with subsequent release of some mediators establish the characteristic feature of ‘progressive retinopathy’. The most promoter one among these mediators is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The screening and treatment criteria were identified in past literature and successful treatment results were revealed especially with anti-VEGF therapy in recent years. In this article, definition, screening, follow-up criteria and pathogenesis of ROP are summarized and current knowledge of anti-VEGF agent use in the treatment of the disease is reviewed. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, intravitreal injections, retinopathy of prematurity, monoclonal antibodies

Prematüre retinopatisinde intravitreal anti-VEGF tedavisi

Öz

Prematüre retinopatisi (PR) retinal vasküler gelişim bozukluğuna bağlı olarak oluşan, çocukluk çağındaki en önemli körlük nedenleri arasında yer alan bir hastalıktır. İmmatür retinaya sekonder olarak gelişen hipoksi ve bunun sonucunda ortama salınan birtakım mediatörler hastalığın karakteristik ‘ilerleyici retinopati’ özelliğini oluşturur. Bu mediatörler arasında hastalığın patogenezinde en etkin olanı VEGF (vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü)’tir. Literatürde hastalığın tanısı ve tedavisi ile ilgili kriterler belirlenmiş olup, son yıllarda özellikle anti-VEGF tedavi ile başarılı sonuçlar ortaya konmuştur. Bu makalede, PR tanımı, tarama, takip kriterleri ve patogenezinden özet olarak bahsedilmiş olup, özellikle hastalık tedavisinde anti-VEGF ajanların kullanımı ile ilgili güncel bilgiler gözden geçirilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vasküler Endotelyal Büyüme Faktörü, intravitreal enjeksiyonlar, prematüre retinopatisi, monoklonal antikorlar

Kaynakça

• Miller MM, Revenis ME, Lai MM, Meleth AD, Jeffress ES, Carrera A, et al. Risk and clinical course of retinopathy of prematurity in 78 infants of gestational age 22-25 weeks. J AAPOS. 2014;18(3):266-70
• Günay M, Topçuoğlu S, Çelik G, Gürsoy T. Prematüre retinopatisi: Sıklık azalıyor mu? Zeynep Kamil Tip Bult. 2013;44(4):214-20.
• Terry TL. Retrolental fibroplasia. Adv Pediatr. 1948;3(1):55-67.
• Flynn JT, Chan-Ling T. Retinopathy of prematurity: two distinct mechanisms that underlie zone 1 and zone 2 disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142(1):46-59.
• Early Treatment For Retinopathy Of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(12):1684-94.
• Fierson WM; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2013;131(1):189-95.
• Mintz-Hittner HA. Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Early Hum Dev. 2012;88(12):937-41.
• Cavallaro G, Filippi L, Bagnoli P, La Marca G, Cristofori G, Raffaeli G, et al. The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity: an update of previous and recent knowledge. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92(1):2-20.
• Jordan CO. Retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014;61(3):567-577.
• Penn JS, Madan A, Caldwell RB, Bartoli M, Caldwell RW, Hartnett ME. Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008;27(4):331-71.
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003;9(6):669-76.
• Bhisitkul RB. Vascular endothelial growth factor biology: clinical implications for ocular treatments. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:1542-47.
• Karaçorlu M, Karaçorlu SA, Özdemir H. Yaşa bağlı maküla dejenerasyonu ve Anti-VEGF tedavi. Göz Hastalıkları ve Anti-VEGF Tedavi. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: ADARE Yayıncılık; 2010. p.65-129.
• Lin RC, Rosenfeld PJ. Antiangiogenic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2007;47:117-137
• Bakri SJ, Snyder MR, Reid JM, Pulido JS, Ezzat MK, Singh RJ. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis). Ophthalmology 2007;114(12):2179-82.
• Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, Ying GS, Jaffe GJ, Grunwald JE, et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two year results. Ophthalmology 2012;119(7):1388- 98.
• Dorta P, Kychenthal A. Treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin). Retina. 2010;30(4):24-31.
• Kim J, Kim SJ, Chang YS, Park WS. Combined intravitreal bevacizumab injection and zone I sparing laser photocoagulation in patients with zone I retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 2014;34(1):77-82.
• Henaine-Berra A, Garcia-Aguirre G1, Quiroz-Mercado H, Martinez-Castellanos MA. Retinal fluorescein angiographic changes following intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. J AAPOS. 2014;18(2):120-3.
• Maldonado RS, O'Connell R, Ascher SB, Sarin N, Freedman SF, Wallace DK, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic assessment of severity of cystoid macular edema in retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(5):569-78.
• Hosseini H, Khalili MR, Nowroozizadeh S. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity in zone I or posterior zone II. Retina. 2009;29(4):562-64.
• Harder BC, von Baltz S, Jonas JB, Schlichtenbrede FC. Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2011;27(6):623-27.
• Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ; BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2011;364(7):603-15.
• Wu WC, Kuo HK, Yeh PT, Yang CM, Lai CC, Chen SN. An updated study of the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in taiwan. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(1):150-58.
• Wu WC, Yeh PT, Chen SN, Yang CM, Lai CC, Kuo HK. Effects and complications of bevacizumab use in patients with retinopathy of prematurity: A multicenter study in Taiwan. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(1):176-83.
• Kychenthal A, Dorta P. Vitrectomy after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for retinal detachment in retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 2010;30(4):32-6.
• Harder BC, Schlichtenbrede FC, von Baltz S, Jendritza W, Jendritza B, Jonas JB. Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity: refractive error results. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155(6):1119-24.
• Sato T, Wada K, Arahori H, et al. Serum concentrations of bevacizumab (Avastin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153(2):327-33.
• Harder BC, von Baltz S, Jonas JB, Schlichtenbrede FC. Intravitreal low-dosage bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92:577-81.
• Lin CJ, Chen SN, Hwang JF. Intravitreal ranibizumab as salvage therapy in an extremely low-birth-weight infant with rush type retinopathy of prematurity. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2012;5(3):184-86.
• Castellanos MA, Schwartz S, García-Aguirre G, Quiroz-Mercado H. Short-term outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(7):816-19.
• Sancak S, Günay M, Gürsoy T, Karatekin G, Ovalı HF. Prematürite retinopatisinde intravitreal bevacizumab deneyimimiz. UNEKO-21, Antalya. Poster bildiriler; s:205.