Maternal hemoglobin concentrations of adolescent pregnant women in high altitude

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the hemoglobin (Hb) levels between adolescent pregnant patients and control groups

Material and Method: This study is performed on Ağrı-Patnos State Hospital. 679 patients were enrolled into the study; 119 (17.5%) patients in the adolescent group (age ≤ 19) and 560 (82.5%) cases in the control group (age between 20 and ≤ 39). Complete Blood Count (CBC) was measured by automated cell counter with Coulter method.

Results: Mean Hb level was 12.87g/dL ± 1.1(min: 10 - max: 15) in adolescent group and 13.4g/dL ± 1.2 (min: 11 - max: 18) in control group. There was no statistically significant difference between Hb levels of two groups (p=0.3) Mean Hematocrit level was 36.44% in adolescent group and 37.8% in control group. There was also no statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.7).

Conclusions: There was no significant difference between adolescent and control groups regarding to Hb and Hematocrit. Normal range Hb and hematocrit levels were found even the effect of high altitude was assayed.

Keywords

• Hemoglobin
• adolescent
• pregnancy

Yüksek rakımda yaşayan adölesan gebeliklerde maternal hemoglobin konsantrasyonunun değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Adölesan ve yetişkin gebeliklerde hemoglobin (Hb) konsantrasyonlarını karşılaştırmak

Gereç ve Yöntem: Ağrı-Patnos Devlet Hastanesinde yapılan bu çalışmaya 679 hasta dahil edildi. Adölesan (yaş ≤ 19) grupta 119 (17,5%) hasta, kontrol (20 ve ≤ 39 yaş aralığı) grubunda 560 (82,5%) hasta yer aldı. Coulter Metod kullanılarak, otomatik hücre sayacı ile tam kan sayımı yapıldı.

Bulgular: Ortalama Hb değeri adölesan grupta 12,87g/dL ± 1,1 (min:10 – max:15) ve kontrol grubunda 13,4g/dL ± 1,2 (min:11 – max:18) bulundu. Hb değerlerinin iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı olmadığı bulundu (p=0,3). Ortalama Hematokrit (Hct)  seviyesi adölesan grupta %36,44 iken in kontrol grubunda %37,8 saptandı. Hct değerleri de her iki gruplar arasında istatistiksel fark göstermedi(p=0,7).

Sonuç: Hb ve Hct değerleri açısından adölesan ve yetişkin gebeler arasında farklılık bulunmadı. Her iki grupta yüksek rakım dahil edildiğinde de normal aralıkta Hb ve Hct seviyeleri saptandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemoglobin
• adölesan
• gebelik

Kaynakça

1. Hercberg S Iron and Folate-Deficiency Anemias Children in the Tropics, Review of the International Children 's center. 1990; 186.
2. Passmore R, Eastwood MA. The anemias human nutrition and dietetics, 8 th.edition ELBS, Longman group Ltd. Hong Kong 1986; 459.
3. Bennett JC, Plum F, editors. Cecil-Tratado de Medicina Interna, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 20th edition, 1997.
4. Diet nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Tecnical Report Series. Geneva, 1990:7
5. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. (available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596657_eng.pdf
6. Arıoğul S. Gebelikte hematolojik değişiklikler, Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 1996: (3-4):31-4
7. İsselbacher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson JD et al Anemia. In: Bunn HF (ed) Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 13th edition New York, McGraw- Hill, İnc., 1994: 313
8. Al- Kadri HM, Madkhali A, Al-Kadi MT, Bakhsh H, Alruwaili NN, Tamim HM. Tertiary care availability and adolescent pregnancy characteristics in Saudi Arabia. Int J Womens Health. 2014 Apr 1;6:359-66

9. Alpaslan İsmet. Her yönüyle Ağrı. Tutibay Yayınları.ss 180. Erişim Tarihi Nisan 2013
10. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü (2009), a.g.e., s.74
11. Deniz YILDIRAN, Fehmi ÜNAL, Güler ATEŞER, Birtan BORAN Term Gebelerde Anemi Prevalansı: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma, İstanbul Tıp Dergisi-2009-1, 26-28
12. Özten F, Tamer B, Uysal B et al. Aksu Sağlık Ocağı bölgesindeki gebe kadınlarda demir eksikliği anemisi sıklığı, V. Halk Sağlığı Günleri Bildiri Özet Kitabı, Isparta:1997;4
13. Başer M, Bayat M, Aydın T et., gebelerin beslenmelerinin değerlendirilmesi, V. Halk Sağlığı Günleri Bildiri Özet Kitabı, Isparta:1997;3
14. Sullivan KM, Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn L, Parvanta I. Haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia. Trop Med Int Health 2008;13: 1267- 71.
15. Akdag R, Energin VM, Kalayci AG, Karakelleoglu C. Reference limits for routine haematological measurements in 7-14-yearold children living at an intermediate altitude (1869 m, Erzurum, Turkey). Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1996; 56: 103- 9.
16. Al RA, Delibaş İB, Konar N, Karaca İ, Göl E, Yapça ÖE. Yüksek Rakımda Yaşayan Gebeler için Hemoglobin referans aralığı. TJOD Derg,2009 ;4(6) :262-5
17. Samuels P. Hematologic complications of pregnancy. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 4th ed., 2002:1169-93
18. Van den Broek NR, Letsky EA, White SA, Shenkin A. Iron status in pregnant women: which measurements are valid? Br J Haematol 1998; 103:817-24
19. WHO World Health Organization (1998). The second decade: improving adolescent health and development. Programme brochure. Geneva: WHO, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development
20. Ventura SJ, Freedman MA. Teenage childbearing in the United States, 1960-1997. m Prev Med 2000;19(1 Suppl):18-25.
21. Gökçe B, Ozşahin A, Zencir M. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in an urban area in Turkey: a population-based case-control study. J Biosoc Sci 2007;39:301-11
22. Moran VH. A systematic review of dietary assessments of pregnant adolescents in industrialised countries. Br J Nutr 2007;97:411-25
23. Pathak P, Singh P, Kapil U, Raghuvanshi RS. Prevalence of iron, vitamin A, and iodine deficiencies amongst adolescent pregnant mothers. Indian J Pediatr 2003;70:299-301
24. Trivedi SS, Pasrija S. Teenage pregnancies and their obstetric outcomes. Trop Doct 2007;37:85-8.
25. Phupong V, Suebnukarn K. Obstetric outcomes in nulliparous young adolescents. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007;38:141-5.