Öz
Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the effect
of the body image of pregnancy on the breastfeeding attitude and the postpartum
breastfeeding process.
Material and
Method: The sample of the
study consisted of 242 pregnant women who applied to the Obstetrics and
Gynecology Clinic of a public hospital. Personal information form,
Breastfeeding Attitudes of The
Evaluation Scale (BAES) and The Multidimensional Body- Self Relations
Questionnaire (MBSRQ) were administered by face-to-face interview method at the
first visit. At the end of the sixth month, mothers were contacted by telephone
and the Breastfeeding Process Evaluation Form was applied (n = 113). In the
analysis of the data, descriptive statistical methods, Kruskal Wallis test and
Spearman correlation analysis were used.
Reults: It was determined that 61.2% of pregnants were in
the age range of 18-25 years, 31.4% of them were high school graduates, 85.1%
were not working and 66.1% had a moderate level of income. The mean of the mean
scores of the pregnant women were 209.02 ± 19.80; The average score of BAES is
107.95 ± 12.74. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean
scores of MBSRQ scale and BAES scores (p <0.000, r = 0.249). During the
postnatal period, 77% of the mothers nursed their babies, 54.1% of the mothers
suckled for 5-6 months, 49.4% of them fed their babies for 6 months only with
breast milk and 50.6% mixed. It was determined that there was no significant
difference between the nutritional status of the breastfeeding status, duration
of breastfeeding and the baby during 6 months of postpartum period and MBSRQ
points average (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Women with a positive body image in pregnancy were
found to have higher breastfeeding attitudes. It was determined that the body
image in the pregnancy did not affect the postnatal breastfeeding process.
Anahtar Kelimeler
pregnancy body image breastfeeding attitude postpartum breastfeeding process
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization (WHO) Infant and young child feding. Fact sheet Updated July 2017 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/
- Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü Ankara, 2013.
- Brown A, Ranje J, Warren L. Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery. 2015;31:80–9. Huang HC, Wang SY, Chen CH. Body image, maternal-fetal attachment, and choice of infant feeding method: a study in Taiwan. BIRTH 2004;31(3):5-12.
- Yanıkkerem E, Ay S, Göker A. Primipar ve Multipar Gebelerin Emzirme Tutumu ve Yaşadıklar ı Endişeler. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2014;21(1):6-16.
- Clark A, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. My baby body: A qualitative insight into women’s body-related experiences and mood during pregnancy and the postpartum. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2009;27(4):330–45.
- Kamysheva E, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. Examination of a multi-factorial model of body-related experiences during pregnancy: The relationships among physical symptoms, sleep quality, depression, self-esteem, and negative body attitudes. Body Image. 2008;5:152–63.
- Hauff LE, Demerath EW. Body ımage concerns and reduced breastfeeding duration in primiparous overweight and obese women. Am J Hum Biol. 2012;24: 339-49.
- Loth KA, Bauer KW, Wall M, Berge J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Body satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2011; 8(3): 297–300.
- Barnes J, Stein A, Smith T, Pollock JI. Extreme attitudes to body shape, social and psychological factors and a reluctance to breast feed. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:551-559.
- Foster SF, Slade P, Wilson K. Body ımage, maternal fetal attachment and breast feedıng. J Psychosom Res. 1996;41(2):181-4.
- World Health Organization (WHO) Body mass index – BMI. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
- Arslan H. Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği Geliştirme, Hemşirelik Forumu. 1999;2(3):132-6.
- Winstead BA, Cash TF. Reliability and Validity of the Body-Self Questionnaire: A New Measure of Body Image. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. 1984, March 19-21.
- Doğan O, Doğan S. Çok yönlü beden-self ilişkileri ölçeği el kitabı. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları.1992:8-29.
- Skouteris H, Carr R, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Duncombe D. A prospective study of factors that lead to body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2005;2:347–61.
- Harris M. Is love seen as different for the obese? J Appl Soc Psychol. 1990;20:1209–24.
- Larsson G, Andersson-Ellstrom A. Experiences of pregnancy-related body shape changes and of breast-feeding in women with a history of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2003;11:116–24.
- Rojjanasrirat W, Sousa VD. Perceptions of breastfeeding and planned return to work or school among low income pregnant women in the USA. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19:2014–22.
- Hughes R. Satisfaction with one’s body and success in breastfeeding. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 1984:141–53.
Öz
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, gebelikteki beden imajının emzirme tutumu ve
doğum sonu emzirme sürecine etkisini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini bir kamu
hastanesinin Kadın Doğum Polikliniklerine başvuran 242 gebe
oluşturdu. Gebelere ilk görüşmede
Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ÇYBBİÖ) ve Çok Yönlü Beden–Benlik İlişkileri Ölçeği
(ETDÖ) yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle uygulandı. İkinci görüşme doğum sonu altıncı
ayda annelere telefonla ulaşılarak yapıldı. Bu görüşmede annelere Emzirme
Sürecini Değerlendirme Formu uygulandı (n=113). Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı
istatistiksel yöntemler, Kruskal Wallis testi ve spearman korelasyon analizi
kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Gebelerin %61.2’sinin
18-25 yaş aralığında olduğu, %31.4’ünün
lise mezunu, %85.1’inin çalışmadığı ve %66.1’inin orta düzeyde
gelire sahip olduğu belirlendi. Gebelerin çoğu (%81) son trimesterdaydı.
Gebelerin ÇYBBİÖ puan ortalaması 209.02±19.80; ETDÖ puan ortalaması 107.95±12.74’dür. ÇYBBİÖ puan ortalaması ile ETDÖ puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönlü
anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0.01; r=0.249). Doğum sonu dönemde annelerin % 77’si bebeklerini emzirmiş, emziren
annelerin % 54.1’si 5-6 ay emzirmiş, % 49.4’ü bebeklerini 6 ay sadece anne sütü
ile, % 50.6’sı ise karışık olarak beslemişlerdir. Emzirme durumu, emzirme
süresi ve bebeğin doğum sonu 6 aylık süre içindeki beslenme şekli ile ÇYBBİÖ puan
ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Gebelikte pozitif beden
imajına sahip kadınların, emzirme tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu bulundu.
Gebelikteki beden imajının doğum sonu emzirme sürecini ise etkilemediği
belirlendi.
Anahtar Kelimeler
gebelik beden imajı emzirme tutumu doğum sonu emzirme süreci
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization (WHO) Infant and young child feding. Fact sheet Updated July 2017 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/
- Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü Ankara, 2013.
- Brown A, Ranje J, Warren L. Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery. 2015;31:80–9. Huang HC, Wang SY, Chen CH. Body image, maternal-fetal attachment, and choice of infant feeding method: a study in Taiwan. BIRTH 2004;31(3):5-12.
- Yanıkkerem E, Ay S, Göker A. Primipar ve Multipar Gebelerin Emzirme Tutumu ve Yaşadıklar ı Endişeler. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2014;21(1):6-16.
- Clark A, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. My baby body: A qualitative insight into women’s body-related experiences and mood during pregnancy and the postpartum. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2009;27(4):330–45.
- Kamysheva E, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. Examination of a multi-factorial model of body-related experiences during pregnancy: The relationships among physical symptoms, sleep quality, depression, self-esteem, and negative body attitudes. Body Image. 2008;5:152–63.
- Hauff LE, Demerath EW. Body ımage concerns and reduced breastfeeding duration in primiparous overweight and obese women. Am J Hum Biol. 2012;24: 339-49.
- Loth KA, Bauer KW, Wall M, Berge J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Body satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2011; 8(3): 297–300.
- Barnes J, Stein A, Smith T, Pollock JI. Extreme attitudes to body shape, social and psychological factors and a reluctance to breast feed. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:551-559.
- Foster SF, Slade P, Wilson K. Body ımage, maternal fetal attachment and breast feedıng. J Psychosom Res. 1996;41(2):181-4.
- World Health Organization (WHO) Body mass index – BMI. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
- Arslan H. Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği Geliştirme, Hemşirelik Forumu. 1999;2(3):132-6.
- Winstead BA, Cash TF. Reliability and Validity of the Body-Self Questionnaire: A New Measure of Body Image. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. 1984, March 19-21.
- Doğan O, Doğan S. Çok yönlü beden-self ilişkileri ölçeği el kitabı. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları.1992:8-29.
- Skouteris H, Carr R, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Duncombe D. A prospective study of factors that lead to body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2005;2:347–61.
- Harris M. Is love seen as different for the obese? J Appl Soc Psychol. 1990;20:1209–24.
- Larsson G, Andersson-Ellstrom A. Experiences of pregnancy-related body shape changes and of breast-feeding in women with a history of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2003;11:116–24.
- Rojjanasrirat W, Sousa VD. Perceptions of breastfeeding and planned return to work or school among low income pregnant women in the USA. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19:2014–22.
- Hughes R. Satisfaction with one’s body and success in breastfeeding. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 1984:141–53.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Orjinal Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Mart 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |