PREECLAMPSIA, MATERNAL AND FETAL EFFECTS, MANAGEMENT, INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTION AND NURSING ROLE

Abstract

Preeclampsia remains a principal cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition, it is responsible for 70,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 infant deaths annually. Preeclampsia poses a risk for some complications such as maternal renal insufficiency and liver involvement organ dysfunction or uteroplacental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction. The protective approaches for preeclampsia gain importance because maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality is high, and etiology and pathogenesis are not completely known. Nurses can play a critical role in diagnosis, assessment and management of women at risk for preeclampsia. It is highlighted in the studies that adequate antenatal care in terms of quality and quantity is beneficial for diagnosed with risky or mild preeclampsia women. Nurses need to know how to administer nursing care in the management of preeclampsia. In literature there are many studies about preeclampsia but there are few studies about preeclampsia and nursing care. It is thought that scientific studies in this subject will contribute to the preservation of maternal and neonatal health by providing quality nursing care to pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia.

Keywords

• pregnancy
• preeclampsia
• nursing
• education

Preeklampsi, Maternal ve Fetal Etkileri, Yönetimi Önlenmesine Yönelik Girişimler ve Hemşirenin Rolü

Öz

Preeklampsi maternal ve perinatal mortalite ve morbiditenin önemli bir nedenidir. Her yıl dünyada yaklaşık 70.000 anne ölümünden ve 500.000 bebek ölümünden sorumludur. Preeklampsi maternal renal yetmezlik, böbrek tutulumu gibi organ disfonksiyonu ya da  uteroplesental yetmezlik, fetal büyüme geriliği gibi komplikasyonlar açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Preeklampside maternal-fetal morbidite ve mortalitenin yüksek olması, etiyoloji ve patogenezin tam olarak bilinmemesi nedeniyle koruyucu yaklaşımların önemi dikkat çekmektedir. Hemşireler preeklampsinin tanılanması, değerlendirilmesi ve yönetiminde kritik bir role sahiptirler. Araştırmalarda nitelik ve nicelik bakımından yeterli doğum öncesi bakım hizmetlerinin, riskli ya da hafif preeklampsi tanısı almış gebelere yararlı olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Hemşirelerin hasta bakımı ve yönetimini güvenli bir şekilde sürdürebilmeleri için preeklampsi yönetiminde nasıl bir hemşirelik bakımı uygulaması gerektiğini bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Literatürde preeklampsi ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışmaya rastlanırken preeklampsi ve hemşirelik ile ilgili çalışmaların az olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konudaki bilimsel çalışmaların preeklampsi riski taşıyan gebelere kaliteli bir hemşirelik bakımının sağlanması ile maternal ve neonatal sağlığın korunmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gebelik
• preeklampsi
• hemşirelik
• eğitim

Kaynakça

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