Hayvancılık İşletmelerinde Teknoloji Kullanımı ve Ekonomik Verimlilik

Öz

Artan Dünya nüfusunun beslenmesi için dengeli ve sürdürülebilir gıdaya erişiminin sağlanması konusunda bilim insanları, üreticiler, tedarikçiler ve piyasalara yön veren politika yapıcıları zaman ve bütçe harcamaktadır. Küresel insan nüfusunun 2050 yılına kadar 9 milyara ulaşacağı tahmin edilmektedir (Alexandratos ve Bruinsma, 2012). Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) nun 2009 raporuna göre, artan insan nüfusuna ayak uydurabilmek için küresel gıda üretiminin %70 oranında artması gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Benzer şekilde, et ve diğer hayvansal gıda ürünlerine yönelik küresel talep giderek artmaktadır. Ayrıca, gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki ekonomik koşullar iyileştikçe, gıda tercihinde hayvansal proteine doğru kayma ve talebin daha da artması beklenmektedir (Thompson, 2015). Ölçek ekonomileri, çiftçileri faaliyetlerini genişletmeye ve büyütmeye zorlayarak daha yüksek çıktı sağlar. Sonuç olarak, daha az sayıda çiftçi tarafından işlenen, daha fazla sayıda hayvanın bakıldığı çiftliklerin ortaya çıkması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca, özellikle sanayileşmiş ülkelerde çiftçilerin ortalama yaşı artmaktadır (ABD ve Avrupa'da ortalama 58, Japonya'da 63) (Morrone vd., 2022). Bu faktörler göz önüne alındığında (artan çiftlik ölçeği ve yetiştirilen hayvan sayısı), çiftçilerin geçmişte bel bağladıkları gözlem kapasitesi ve uygulamalı deneyim artık etkin günlük sürü yönetimi sağlamak için yeterli değildir (Frost vd., 2003; Parsons vd., 2007).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekonomik verimlilik
• hayvancılık teknoloji kullanımı
• akıllı çiftlik

Technology Use and Economic Efficiency in Livestock Enterprises

Öz

Scientists, producers, suppliers and policy makers who direct the markets spend time and budget to ensure that the growing world population has access to balanced and sustainable food to feed. The global human population is estimated to reach 9 billion by 2050 (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). According to the 2009 report of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), it was stated that global food production should increase by 70% in order to keep up with the increasing human population. Similarly, the global demand for meat and other animal food products is increasing. In addition, as the economic conditions in developing countries improve, it is expected that the food preference will shift towards animal protein and the demand will increase further (Thompson, 2015). Economies of scale force farmers to expand and grow their operations, resulting in higher output. As a result, it is expected that farms will emerge where more animals are kept, while fewer farmers are processed. In addition, the average age of farmers is increasing, especially in industrialized countries (Avarage 58 years old in USA and EU region, 63 in Japan) (Morrone et al., 2022). Given these factors (increasing farm scale and number of animals raised), the observation capacity and hands-on experience that farmers have relied on in the past are no longer sufficient to provide effective daily herd management (Frost et al., 2003; Parsons et al., 2007).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic efficiency
• livestock technology use
• smart farm

Kaynakça

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