Tarımda Yapay ve Ek Aydınlatma İçin Kullanılan Armatürlerin Teknik Analizi

Öz

Bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişmesi için su, karbondioksit, oksijen, besin maddeleri, sıcaklık ve ışık gibi çeşitli gereksinimleri bulunmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçlar açıkta yetiştiricilikte doğal olarak sağlanmakta olup sera veya dikey tarım gibi sistemlerde doğayı taklit ederek bir kısmı veya tamamı yapay olarak sağlanmaktadır. Fotosentezde en yüksek verimi alabilmek için günlük aydınlık süresi, fotosentetik foton akı yoğunluğu, gün içinde toplanan fotosentetik foton sayısı gibi birtakım parametrelerin bilinmesi ve ideal şekilde sağlanması için gerekli hesaplamaların yapılması önem taşımaktadır. Bitkilerin ışıkla ilgili bu ihtiyaçları çeşitli kaynaklardan sağlanabilmektedir. Bitkilerin fotosentezde kullandığı ışığın spektrumu, şiddeti gibi özelliklerinin yanında gün içinde hangi süre ile ve bu süre içinde toplam ne kadar ışık aldığı da çok önemlidir. Bitkilerin türü ve çeşidi ile yetişme dönemine göre ihtiyaç duydukları ışık miktarı ve süresi değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bazı bitkilerin günlük ışık integrali ihtiyaçları üzerinde durularak bu ihtiyaçların sağlanması için kullanılan yapay ve ek aydınlatma armatürlerinden bazıları; enerji verimi, ışık etkinliği, spektral kalite, güç, IP koruma sınıfı, ömür gibi parametreler bakımından incelenmiş ve ışığın planlaması ve kontrolüne yönelik bilgiler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapay aydınlatma
• ek aydınlatma
• aydınlatma armatürleri
• dikey tarım
• günlük ışık integrali

Technical Analysis of Light Fixtures Used for Artificial and Supplemental Lighting

Öz

Plants have various requirements for growth and development, such as water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, temperature, and light. These needs are provided naturally in open farming, and some or all of them are provided artificially by imitating nature in systems such as greenhouse or vertical farming. In order to get the highest efficiency in photosynthesis, it is important to know some parameters such as daily light duration, photosynthetic photon flux density, the number of photosynthetic photons collected during the day and to make the necessary calculations to provide them in an ideal way. These light needs of plants can be met from various sources. In addition to the features such as the spectrum and intensity of the light used by plants in photosynthesis, it is also very important how much light is received during the day. Depending on the type and variety of plants and the growing period, the amount and duration of light they need may vary. In this study, the daily light integral needs of some plants are emphasized and some of the artificial and supplemental lighting fixtures used to meet these needs are investigated in terms of energy efficiency, light efficacy, spectral quality, power, IP protection class, life span and some information on planning and control of light are given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial lighting
• supplemental lighting
• lighting fixtures
• vertical farming
• daily light integral

Kaynakça

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