Farklı Soya Olgunlaşma Gruplarının Bazı Agronomik ve Kalite Özellikleri

Öz

Soya fasulyesi, önemli bir baklagil olup aynı zamanda yüksek besin değeri taşıyan bitkisel protein ve yağ kaynağıdır. İnsan beslenmesinde temel bir gıda maddesi olarak yer almakla birlikte, hayvan yemi üretiminde de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Küresel gıda güvenliği ve beslenmeye sağladığı katkılar sayesinde, dünya çapında artan protein ihtiyacını karşılamada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları açısından da önemli bir bitki olup, toprağın verimliliğini artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara ekolojik koşullarında farklı olgunluk gruplarına ait soya fasulyesi çeşitlerinin özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, farklı olgunluk gruplarına ait İlksoy, Mersoy, Arısoy ve Turbo soya fasulyesi çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bakla sayısı, dal sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, ham yağ ve ham protein içeriği gibi çeşitli tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada bitki boyu, bitkide dal sayısı, baklada dane sayısı bitkide bakla sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı, tohum verimi, ham yağ oranı, ham protein oranı istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bitki boyu 45.80 cm ile 62.77 cm arasında ölçülmüştür. Bakla başına tane sayısı 2.1 ile 2.6 arasında değişmiştir. Bin tane ağırlığı 136.8 g ile 151.0 g arasında belirlenmiştir. İlksoy, Arısoy ve Mersoy çeşitlerine ait tane verimi sırasıyla 210.39, 208.18 ve 179.31 kg da-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirilen tüm çeşitlerin ham yağ içeriği %14.77 ile %16.46 arasında, ham protein içeriği ise %38.90 ile %40.68 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, 2 ve 3.6 olgunluk gruplarına ait soya fasulyesi çeşitlerinin tohum verimi açısından uygun olabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soya fasulyesi
• Olgunluk grubu
• Tohum verimi
• Ham yağ
• Ham protein.

Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of Soybean Different Maturity Groups

Öz

Soybean is a crucial legume and vegetable source of protein and oil. Its provide significantly to global food safety and nutrition as a staple diet for people and an essential part of animal feed, helping to meet the world's increasing demand for protein. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the characteristics of soybean varieties in different maturity groups in the ecological condition of Ankara. For this purpose, the soybean cultivars (cvs) İlksoy, Mersoy, Arısoy and Turbo which are in different maturity in groups were used. The study was designed as a randomized block design with tree replications. In the study, the various agronomic and quality characteristics of cultivars such as plant height, first pod height, number of pods, number of branches, thousand-seed weight, seed yield, crude oil and crude protein content were examined. In the study, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield, crude oil ratio, crude protein ratio were found to be statistically significant. According to results, the plant height was measured to range between 45.80 cm and 62.77 cm. The number of grains per pod were between 2.1 and 2.6. The thousand-seed weight was determined to range from 136.8 g to 151.0 g. The seed yield of cvs İlksoy, Arısoy and Mersoy was determined 210.39, 208.18 and 179.31 kg da-1 The crude oil content of all cultivars ranged between 14.77% and 16.46% while crude protein content of those was ranged between 38.90% and 40.68%. In conclusion, it was determined that soybean varieties belonging to maturity groups 2 and 3.6 may be suitable for seed yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soybean
• Maturity group
• Seed yield
• Crude oil
• Crude protein.

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