Determining the Crop Water Stress Index for Scheduling Sesame Irrigation with Subsurface Drip Systems under Mediterranean Conditions

Öz

Investigating how plants respond to water stress is extremely important for effective irrigation management under changing climatic conditions and diminishing water resources. This study aimed to determine the plant water stress index (CWSI) values of sesame grown in semiarid climate conditions in Antalya province. In the study, the leaf crown temperature of the plant was determined by infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements. In addition, the relationships between yield, irrigation time and CWSI were determined using these index values. In this study, four different irrigation rates (I100, I70, I40 and I0) were created with subsurface drip irrigation method established at 40 cm lateral depths. Thus, full irrigation (I100), irrigation at two different stress levels (I70 and I40) and no irrigation (I0) were included. In the research, a total of 266 mm and 248 mm of irrigation water were given in the first and subsequent years, respectively, under I100 (control) irrigation. Plant water consumption values of control subjects were determined as 288 mm in the first year and 273 mm in the second year. In the mentioned irrigation, the yield per hectare was determined as 1840 kg in the first year and 1800 kg in the second year of the research. By combining the data from the first and second years of the study, the lower limit (LL) values for the case without water stress were calculated with the equation Tc-Ta= 4.67-2.43VPD (r2=0.86, P<0.01). The upper limit (UL) value at which the plant is completely under water stress is 5.9 °C. The threshold CWSI value at which sesame yield begins to decrease was calculated as 0.27 from infrared thermometer measurements taken at irrigation time. Additionally, a negative linear relationship was found between yield and CWSI values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sesame
• Canopy temperature
• Crop Water Stress Index
• Subsurface drip irrigation

Yüzeyaltı Damla Sulama Yöntemi ile Sulanan Susamın Akdeniz İklim Koşullarında Bitki Su Stres İndeksinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Değişen iklim koşulları ve azalan su kaynakları altında etkili sulama yönetimi için bitkilerin su stresine nasıl yanıt verdiklerinin araştırılması son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ilinde yarı kurak iklim koşullarında yetiştirilen susamın bitki su stres indeksi (CWSI) değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, bitkinin yaprak taç sıcaklığı kızılötesi termometre (IRT) ölçümleri ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu indeks değerleri kullanılarak verim, sulama zamanı ve CWSI arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 40 cm lateral derinliğinde kurulan yüzey altı damla sulama yöntemi ile dört farklı sulama oranı (I100, I70, I40 ve I0) oluşturulmuştur. Böylece tam sulama (I100), iki farklı stres seviyesinde sulama (I70 ve I40) ve hiç sulama yapılmaması (I0) uygulamasına yer verilmiştir. Araştırmada, I100 (kontrol) sulaması altında ilk ve sonraki yıllarda sırasıyla toplam 266 mm ve 248 mm sulama suyu verilmiştir. Kontrol deneklerinin bitki su tüketim değerleri birinci yıl 288 mm, ikinci yıl 273 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu sulamada hektara düşen verim araştırmanın birinci yılında 1840 kg, ikinci yılında ise 1800 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın birinci ve ikinci yılına ait veriler birleştirilerek su stresi olmayan durum için alt sınır (LL) değerleri Tc-Ta= 4.67-2.43VPD (r2=0.86, P<0.01) denklemiyle hesaplanmıştır. Bitkinin tamamen su stresi altında kaldığı üst sınır (UL) değeri ise 5.9 °C’dir. Susam veriminin azalmaya başladığı eşik CWSI değeri sulama zamanında alınan kızılötesi termometre ölçümlerinden 0.27 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca verim ile CWSI değerleri arasında negatif doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Susam
• Kanopi sıcaklığı
• Bitki su stres indeksi
• Yüzeyaltı damla sulama

Kaynakça

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