Mardin Ekolojik Koşullarında Ana Ürün Olarak Yetiştirilen Bazı Yağlık Hibrit Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotiplerinin Bazı Verim ve Agronomik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu araştırma, Mardin ili Mazıdağı ve Savur ilçeleri ekolojik koşullarında ana ürün olarak yağışa dayalı olarak 20 adet yağlık hibrit ayçiçeği genotiplerinin verim ve tarımsal özellikler yönünden performanslarının ortaya konulması ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalara yardımcı olunması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, 2022 yılında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. %50 çiçeklenme süresi/gün sayısı, fizyolojik olum süresi, bitki boyu, tabla çapı, verim, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, kabuk oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin değişimi sırası ile %50 çiçeklenme için, 53.00– 83.66 gün; fizyolojik olum için, 88.66-116.00 gün; bitki boyu, 65.00- 104.00 cm; tabla çapı, 6.66– 11.66 cm; tohum verimi, 35.62- 215.58 kg da-1; 1000 tohum ağırlığı, 26.13- 62.29 g; hektolitre ağırlığı, 33.48-47.54 kg hl-1; kabuk oranı, %20.28- 34.83 olduğu görülmüştür. LxG interaksiyonu önemli çıkmamasına rağmen, Savur lokasyonunda Deray (215.5 kg da-1), Mazıdağı lokasyonunda ise LG50480 genotipi (135.35 kg da-1) en yüksek tohum veriminin elde edildiği genotipler olmuştur. İki lokasyon ortalamasına göre hibrid ayçiçeği genotiplerinin tohum verimi 73.52- 168.18 (116.25 kg da-1) arasında belirlenmiştir. Lokasyonlar birleştirildiğinde Deray (168.18 kg da-1), LG50480 (150.98 kg da-1) ve Adasun21 (148.45 kg da-1) en yüksek verim verdiği ve bölge için en uygun hibrid çeşitleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. İncelenen tüm özelliklerde genotiplerin genetik yapısından ve çevre koşullarından kaynaklı olarak varyasyon oluşumu saptanmıştır. Her iki lokasyonda vejetatif gelişim ve generatif gelişimlerin yetersiz yağış ve bitki beslenmeden kaynaklı sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Mazıdağı lokasyonu erkencilik yönü ile, Savur lokasyonu ise incelenen diğer özellikler ile öne çıkmıştır. Nispeten Savur ekolojik koşulları ayçiçeği genotiplerinin daha iyi gelişme göstermiş ve daha fazla verim elde edilmiştir. Mazıdağı lokasyonu olası bir stres nedeni ile genotiplerin daha erken generatif gelişmeye geçerek verim parametrelerinin düşük olması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Savur lokasyonunun yağışa dayalı ana ürün koşullarda Mazıdağı lokasyonuna göre yağlık ayçiçeği üretimine daha elverişli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Nispeten yeni üretim alanlarda benzer çalışmalar yapılarak uygun ekolojilerin belirlenmesi, ulusal yağ üretiminin artırılması ve bitkisel yağ açığımızı kapatmaya yönelik önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayçiçek
• Yağlık
• Genotip
• Verim
• Tarımsal
• Mardin

Destekleyen Kurum

Mardin Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü

Teşekkür

Çalışmanın yürütülmesinde destek veren Mardin Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğüne desteklerinden dolayı Teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of Some Yield and Agronomic Characteristics of Some Oil Hybrid Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes as Main Crops in Mardin Ecological Conditions

Öz

This research was conducted to evaluate the yield performance and agronomical characteristics of 20 oilseed hybrid sunflower genotypes as a main crop under the ecological conditions of the Mazıdağı and Savur districts of Mardin province in 2022. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Key traits investigated included 50% flowering time, physiological maturity, plant height, head diameter, seed yield, 1000-seed weight, hectoliter weight, and hull ratio. The results revealed significant variation across all parameters: 50% flowering time ranged from 53.00 to 83.66 days, physiological maturity from 88.66 to 116.00 days, and plant height from 65.00 to 104.00 cm. Additionally, head diameter values fluctuated between 6.66 and 11.66 cm, while seed yield varied from 35.62 to 215.58 kg da⁻¹. Physical quality traits showed ranges of 26.13–62.29 g for 1000-seed weight, 33.48–47.54 kg hl⁻¹ for hectoliter weight, and 20.28%–34.83% for hull ratio. Although the Location x Genotype (LxG) interaction was statistically non-significant, the Deray genotype in the Savur location (215.5 kg da⁻¹) and LG50480 in the Mazıdağı location (135.35 kg da⁻¹) exhibited the highest seed yields. Based on the average of both locations, Deray (168.18 kg da⁻¹), LG50480 (150.98 kg da⁻¹), and Adasun21 (148.45 kg da⁻¹) were identified as the most suitable hybrid varieties for the region. Statistically significant differences were observed between locations for all examined traits, largely driven by the interplay between genetic potential and environmental factors. In both locations, vegetative and generative development was limited by insufficient precipitation and sub-optimal plant nutrition under rainfed conditions. While the Mazıdağı location was characterized by earlier maturity, the Savur location proved superior in all other agronomical parameters. The ecological conditions in Savur facilitated better genotype development and higher yields, whereas genotypes in Mazıdağı entered the generative stage prematurely due to environmental stress, resulting in reduced productivity. In conclusion, the Savur location is more suitable for rainfed oilseed sunflower production than Mazıdağı. Identifying compatible ecologies in emerging production areas remains vital for increasing national oilseed output and reducing the vegetable oil deficit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sunflower
• Oil
• Genotype
• Yield
• Agricultural
• Mardin

Destekleyen Kurum

Mardin Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Mardin Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry for their support in carrying out the study.

Kaynakça

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