Yarı Kurak Çevre Koşullarında İleri Kademe Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinde Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Çok Değişkenli Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, ileri kademe ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinin yarı kurak çevre koşullarında verim, verim unsurları ve kalite özellikleri bakımından performanslarının belirlenmesi ve özellikler arası ilişkilerin çok değişkenli analizlerle ortaya konulması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, 2025 üretim sezonunda Diyarbakır koşullarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuş ve 24 ekmeklik buğday genotipi değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme yılı, uzun yıllar ortalamalarına göre daha sıcak ve kurak geçmiş olup genotiplerin stres koşullarındaki adaptasyonlarının değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Tane verimi 320.45–584.41 kg da⁻¹ arasında değişmiş ve genotipler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Bin tane ağırlığı, protein içeriği ve yaş gluten oranı bakımından da önemli varyasyon saptanırken, nişasta içeriği daha dar bir aralıkta değişim göstermiştir. Protein içeriği %16.03–18.30, yaş gluten oranı ise %34.33–39.17 arasında belirlenmiştir. Tane verimi ile bin tane ağırlığı arasında pozitif ilişki gözlenmiş, protein ve yaş gluten özelliklerinin benzer eğilim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi genotipleri üç ana gruba ayırırken, temel bileşenler analizi agronomik ve kalite özelliklerinin farklı bileşenler altında toplandığını ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, bazı genotiplerin yarı kurak koşullarda hem verim hem kalite açısından dengeli performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, belirlenen üstün genotiplerin stres koşullarına uyumlu çeşit geliştirme programları için önemli genetik materyal oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekmeklik buğday
• yarı kurak koşullar
• verim
• kalite özellikleri
• PCA
• kümeleme analizi.

Multivariate Analysis of Yield and Quality Characteristics in Advanced Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Semi-Arid Environments

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance, yield components, and grain quality traits of advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under semi-arid environmental conditions and to investigate trait relationships using multivariate statistical analyses. The experiment was conducted during the 2025 growing season in Diyarbakir, Türkiye, using a randomized complete block design with 24 bread wheat genotypes. The growing season was characterized by higher temperatures and lower precipitation than long-term averages, providing suitable conditions to assess genotype adaptation under stress environments. Grain yield ranged from 3204.5 to 5844.1 kg ha⁻¹, with significant differences among genotypes. Thousand kernel weight, protein content, and wet gluten ratio also showed significant variation, whereas starch content exhibited relatively limited variability. Protein content ranged between 16.03% and 18.30%, while wet gluten values varied from 34.33% to 39.17%. A positive relationship was observed between grain yield and thousand kernel weight, and protein content showed a strong association with wet gluten. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three main clusters, while principal component analysis separated agronomic and quality traits into distinct components, indicating partial independence between yield and quality parameters. Several genotypes demonstrated balanced performance by combining favorable agronomic traits with superior grain quality under semi-arid conditions. These findings highlight promising genetic materials for wheat breeding programs targeting stress-prone environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bread wheat
• semi-arid conditions
• grain yield
• quality traits
• PCA
• cluster analysis.

Kaynakça

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