İklim Değişikliğinin Tahıl Virüs Hastalıkları Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin tüm ekosistemler üzerinde etkisini arttırarak, küresel ve bölgesel ölçeklerde hissedilir bir şekilde ortaya çıkması tahmin edilmektedir. Toprak ve su rejimleri değişime uğrayarak, tarım arazilerini verimsizleştirmesi, zararlı-hastalıkların çoğalmasına sebep olması ve tüm tarımsal ekosistemleri tahrip etmesi beklenmektedir. İklim değişikliklerinin bitkisel üretimde verim ve kalite kaybına yol açacak olması, kayıpların nedeninin doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasını engellemektedir. Dolayısıyla orta ve uzun vadede etkinliği artacağı düşünülen hastalıkların oluşturacağı risk dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu konuda çok yönlü birçok çalışma yapılması gereklidir. Aksi takdirde verimdeki düşüşler gibi olumsuzlukların çevre koşullarındaki değişimden kaynaklı olduğuna odaklanılarak viral patojenler gibi biyotik faktörler göz ardı edilecektir. Bu derlemede, stres altında kalan tarımsal ekolojide, tahıl hastalıklarının önemli bir zararlı organizma grubu olan viral patojenlerin gelecekte oluşturabileceği riskler değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle böcek ve akar vektörü ile taşınan Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) ve Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) gibi virüslerin yakın gelecekte Türkiye’de tahıl ekiliş alanlarında etkisini arttırabileceği öngörülürken, Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) gibi plazmodioforidler ile taşınan virüslerin etkinliğinin lokasyona göre değişkenlik göstereceği öngörülmektedir. Dolayısıyla iklim değişikliğinin lokasyona ve vektöre bağlı olarak bazı tahıl virüslerinin etkinliğini arttırırken bazılarının etkinliğini azaltacağı yönündedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buğday
• hububat
• virüs
• ekstrem hava koşulları

Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Virus Diseases

Öz

Climate change is expected to emerge noticeably at global and regional scales, increasing its impact on the entire ecosystem. It is also anticipated that soil and water regimes will undergo change, making soils unproductive, getting worse the condition of agricultural lands, causing the increase of pests and diseases, and destroying all agricultural ecosystems. The risk of diseases that are thought to increase in the long term should be taken into account. However, the lack of sufficient work on this subject and the fact that climate changes lead to a loss of yield will prevent a correct understanding of the cause of losses. Many studies need to be done on this subject. Otherwise, biotic factors such as viral pathogens will be ignored, focusing on the fact that negativities such as decreases in productivity due to climate change are thought to be caused by changes in environmental conditions. In this review, the future risks of cereal viruses are evaluated in agricultural ecology under stress. It is predicted that while especially insect-borne viruses such as Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) may increase their effect in cereal cultivation areas in Turkey in near future, plasmodiophorid borne viruses such as Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) may vary from location to location. Therefore, climate change will increase the efficiency of some cereal viruses depending on the location and the vector while reducing the effectiveness of some.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wheat
• cereal
• virus
• extreme weather conditions

Kaynakça

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