Efficacy of S-metolachlor and flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) as pre-emergence herbicides in controlling weeds in maize at Chisumbanje Estate

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 508 - 513, 15.12.2021

Nyasha Sakadzo Jevas Tekedese Andrew Kugedera Nyasha Chipunza Zakio Makuvara

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2021.4.10

Öz

Field trials were conducted during the 2019-2020 cropping season to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor and flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) pre-emergence herbicides in controlling weeds in maize at Chisumbanje estate. The experiment was laid out as a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments and replicated thrice. Treatments used include hand weeding (control), S-metolachlor and flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) herbicide. The data collected was based on weed density, plant height, maize grain yield indicating significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the treatments. Flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) scored the least weed density per m-2 as compared to S-metolachlor showing that it is an effective pre-emergence herbicide (33, 27 and 22) on Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta), shamva (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) grass and wild jute (Corchorous tridens) respectively. The control (hand weeding) scored the highest weed density per m-2, indicating that the method was not effective as compared to S-metolachlor and flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) treatments. Flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) scored the highest yield of 10 tonnes/hectare whilst S-metolachlor and control scored 7.6 and 5.6t/ha respectively. Herbicides reduced the weed spectrum in maize resulting in realisation of higher yield in flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide) + S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) experiment followed by S-metolachlor. Farmers are recommended to use flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide) as a pre-emergence herbicide in controlling weeds in maize so as to realise higher yields and low weed density.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flumetsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide)+S-metolachlor (chloro-acetanilide), S-metolachlor, pre-emergence, herbicide

Kaynakça

• Chikoye, D., Schulz, S., and Ekeleme, F. (2004). Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for maize in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Crop Protection 23(10): 895-900
• Chivinge, O.A. (1990). Weed science technological needs of the communal areas of Zimbabwe, Zambezi, xv (ii), 133-143.
• Dhugga Kanwarpal S. (2007). Maize Biomass Yield and Composition for Biofuels. Crop Science, Volume 47, Issue 6, November – December 2007, pages 2211 – 2227.
• Elena, S., Chiurciu, I.A., Aurelia-Vasilica, B., and Civia, D. (2018). World Market Research on maize. “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings: Volume 1: Issue 1: 216-222.
• Imoloame, E. O., and Omolaiye, J. O. (2016). Impact of different periods of weed interference on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 93, 245–257.
• Hassan, G., Tanveer, S., Khan, N and Munir, M. (2010). Integrating cultivars with reduced herbicides rates for weed management in maize. Pak. J. Bot. 42(3):1923-1929.
• Jabush, T.W and Tjeerdema, R. (2008). Triazolopyrimidie Sulfonamide Herbicides. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 193:31-52
• Tapiwa, A.K., Lawrence, M, and Kudzai, K.L. (2020). Evaluating the effects of integrated nutrient management and insitu rainwater harvesting on maize production in dry regions of Zimbabwe. Int. J. Agric. Environ. Food Sci., 4(3), 303-310. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2020.3.9.
• Laizer, H.C., Chacha, M.N., and Ndakideni, P.A. (2019). Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and practices in managing weeds and insect pests in Northern Tanzania. Sustainability, 11, 4076; Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154076
• Lowry, D.M., Greiner, D., Fretheim, M., Ubben, M., Dhanwada, K.R. (2013). Mechanism of metolachlor action due to alterations in cell cycle progression. Cell Biol Toxicol, 29(4):283-91. Doi: 10.1007/s10565-013-9256-z
• Mashingaidze, A.B. (2004). Improving weed management and crop productivity in maize systems in Zimbabwe. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
• Mazarura, U. (2013). Effect of time and rate of application of Bateleur gold (S-Metolachlor+Flumetsulam) on phytotoxicity and weed control efficacy in Flue-cured tobacco. Greener Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. Greener Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science: 1 pp. 8-15 (1).
• Mortensen, D.A., Egan, J.F., Maxwell, B.D., Ryan, M.R and Smith, R.G. (2012). Navigating a Critical Juncture for Sustainable Weed Management. Bioscience 2012, 62, 75–84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.12
• Mugandani, R., Wuta, M., Makarau, A., Chipundu, B. (2012). Re-classification of agroecological regions of Zimbabwe in conformity with climate variability and change. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 20 (Suppl. S2), 361–369.
• Naveen, K., Santosh, K., and Sushampreet, S. (2019). Efficacy of different herbicides on yield and nutrient uptake of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Int. Arch. App. Sci. Technol; Vol 11 (3): 91-97.
• Nyagumbo, I., Nyamadzawo, G and Madembo, C. (2019). Effects of three in-field water harvesting technologies on soil water content and maize yields in a semi-arid region of Zimbabwe. Agricultural Water Management, 216: 206–213.
• Nyamapfene. (1991). The soils of Zimbabwe 2nd Edition, Nehanda Publishers, Harare.
• Nyanhete, C. (2004). Crop Protection Module, Triangle Group, Triangle Limited, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe.
• Patel, R.H. (2013). Weed dynamics as influenced by soil salinisation. A review. Agricultural Review 26:295-300.
• Rana, S.S., Kuma, R., Neelam, S., and Badiyala, D. (2016). Effects of continuous use of herbicides on weed shifts in rice-wheat system. Technical bulletin. Publisher: Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, HP, India.
• Saiz-Rubio, V., and Rovira-Mas, F. (2020). A review on crop data management. Agriculture Robotics Laboratory (ARL), University Polienica de Valencia, Comono de Vera s/n46022, Valencia, Spain.
• Sakadzo, N., Makaza, K., Chagonda, I., Shanangura, J., and Haripo T.T. 2018. Response of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to different herbicide combinations. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 13(31), pp. 140-1550.
• Shinggu, C.P., Dadari, S.A., Shebaya, J.A.Y., Adekpe, D.I., and Ishaya, D.B. (2009). Effects of variety, crop arrangement and period of weed interference on the performance of maize growth in mixture in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. ARPN Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 4(2):47-55.
• Simic, M.S., Dragicevic, V., Chachalis, D., Dolijanovic, Z., Brankov, M. (2020). Integrated weed management in long-term maize cultivation. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, Volume 107, No 1, pg 33-40.
• Steckel, L., Rhodes, G.N., Hayes, R.M., McClure, A., Mucller, T.C., Brown, B.,Senseman, S., and Walker, E. (2019). Weed control manual for Tennessee. PB 1580.
• Storkey, J., Helps, J., Hull, R., Milne, A.E and Metcalfe, H. (2021). Defining Integrated Weed Management: A Novel Conceptual Framework for Models. Agronomy, 11(4),747. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040747
• Sunitha, C., and Khalyani, L. (2012). Weed Management in Maize (Zea Mays L.). Agricultural Reviews. (33):70–77.
• Syngenta Crop Protection. (2020). Syngenta Crop Protection.
• WSSA. (2002). Herbicide handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 8th edtn. Edited by W.K. Vencil. WSSA, Champaign.