Species of the genus Stigmaeus (Acariformes: Stigmaeidae) from the Karasu Valley (Türkiye): morphological examination and a taxonomic argument

Abstract

In the present work, morphological characteristics of species of the genus Stigmaeus Koch collected from the Karasu Valley in the Munzur Mountains (Türkiye) were examined. A total of 11 species of the Stigmaeus were identified in this study. Among them, S. dokeri, S. maraghehiensis and S. purpurascens are recorded for the first time from Türkiye. The protonymph and deutonymph stages of S. bifurcus, as well as the larva, protonymph and deutonymph stages of S. dokeri, are described for the first time. Furthermore, morphological variations were observed for the first time in S. dokeri and S. pulumurensis. The names Stigmaeus africanus Soliman & Gomaa, 1986, S. banksi Gomaa & Hassan, 1986, S. triramus Soliman & Gomaa, 1986 and S. zaheri Gomaa & Hassan, 1986 are considered nomina nuda. This study also highlights the importance of maintaining the current concept of the genus Stigmaeus for taxonomic stability. While the available molecular data suggest that some species may form distinct clades, single-locus analyses based on limited data sets are not yet considered sufficient to justify clear divisions at the genus level. Therefore, it has been suggested that a more balanced approach would be to cautiously consider the idea of dividing Stigmaeus into separate genera and to restructure it based on subgenera or natural species groups, in accordance with the concept of Berlese (1910), and the aim is to open this systematic framework for discussion. In this context, the proposal to reinterpret certain taxa such as Ledermuelleriopsis Willmann and Villersia Kuznetsov not as independent genera but as subgenera within Eustigmaeus Berlese has also been opened for discussion within the scope of this unifying approach. In conclusion, this study contributes to the diversity of Stigmaeus in Türkiye with new records, documents different developmental stages and morphological variation, clarifies the nomenclatural status of some species-names, and advocates a taxonomic framework that prioritises subgeneric re-structuring over generic-level splitting within Stigmaeidae systematics.

Keywords

• Nomen nudum
• description
• taxonomy
• variation
• over-splitting

Karasu Vadisi’nden (Türkiye) Stigmaeus (Acariformes: Stigmaeidae) türleri: morfolojik inceleme ve taksonomik bir argüman

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Munzur Dağları yöresi Karasu Vadisi’nden (Türkiye) toplanan Stigmaeus Koch türlerinin morfolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında toplam 11 Stigmaeus türü belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan S. dokeri, S. maraghehiensis ve S. purpurascens türleri Türkiye’den ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. S. bifurcus türünün protonimf ve deutonimf bireyleri ile S. dokeri’nin larva, protonimf ve deutonimf evreleri ilk kez tanımlanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, S. dokeri ve S. pulumurensis türlerinde ilk kez morfolojik varyasyonlar gözlenmiştir. Stigmaeus africanus Soliman & Gomaa, 1986, S. banksi Gomaa & Hassan, 1986, S. triramus Soliman & Gomaa, 1986 ve S. zaheri Gomaa & Hassan, 1986 adları, çıplak isimler (nomina nuda) olarak önerilmiştir. Bu çalışma ayrıca Stigmaeus cinsinin mevcut konseptinin korunmasının taksonomik istikrar açısından önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Mevcut moleküler veriler bazı türlerin ayrı kladlar oluşturabileceğini göstermekle birlikte, sınırlı veri setlerine dayalı tek-lokuslu analizlerin, cins düzeyinde keskin ayrımlara/bölünmelere temel oluşturmak için henüz yeterli olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, Stigmaeus’un ayrı cinsler halinde bölünmesi fikrine temkinli yaklaşılarak, Berlese (1910) konseptine paralel biçimde alt cinsler veya doğal tür grupları temelinde yeniden yapılandırılmasının daha dengeli bir yaklaşım olabileceği öne sürülmüş ve bu sistematik çerçevenin tartışmaya açılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, Ledermuelleriopsis Willmann ve Villersia Kuznetsov gibi bazı taksonların bağımsız cinsler olarak değil, Eustigmaeus Berlese içinde alt cins düzeyinde yeniden yorumlanması önerisi de bu birleştirici yaklaşım kapsamında tartışmaya açılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Türkiye’deki Stigmaeus çeşitliliğine yeni kayıtlarla katkı sunmakta, farklı gelişim evrelerini ve morfolojik varyasyonları belgelemekte, bazı tür adların nomenklatürel statüsünü netleştirmekte ve Stigmaeidae sistematiğinde cins düzeyinde parçalamalara karşı, alt cins düzeyli yeniden yapılandırmayı önceleyen taksonomik bir çerçeve önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nomen nudum
• tanım
• taksonomi
• varyasyon
• yapay ayrıştırma

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